"Greekness" Secondary Scholars

The free and….

• Disciplined Hellas - Hall

- freedom key to idenity
- Took pride in their discipline (Phalanx, Sophrosune)

- Slavery did exist and soc (especially Sparta) relied on it
- Women were not viewed as citizens

The Greeks were far….

• From being a united group - Cartledge

- Some fought with the Persians (Ionians)
- Some abstained from fighting (Herodotus criticised the Pelopensians who didn’t help)
-Most didn’t send help to Ionian revolt
- lot’s of fighting and wars between Polis’

- United in religion, Values, language
- not nessacarily politically united

Herodotus presents the polis freedom as….

• Polar opposite of Persian despotism - Cartledge

- Democracy + councils (Marathon, Salamis) Vs Dicator Xerxes (ultimatley makes decisions)
- Emphasis on freedom
- Persians never quite understand

All Athenian officials should be….

• Responsible to the people - Jones

- Athenians are held to account
- can be ostricised or exiled if the people will it
- democracy comes first

A spartans first loyalty was to….

• The State, not an individual or his family - Cartledge

- Sacrifice of Leonidas and the 300 at Thermopolae
- “Triumph or be annihilated”

War and marriage…

• "Mark the fulfilment of young men and women” - Hartog

- Ultimate role of greek women was to marry, secure husbands oikos and legacy
- In Sparta’s case, provide soldiers of the future

image of enemy extraneous to Hellas helped…

foster a sense of community between the allied states - Hall

-Working together against common ally
- Bound by language, religion, customs, values
- Definition by other

According to the Persians, hostilies with the greeks is due to…

• Clashes of cuultural attitudes - Tim Rood

- Outlines Herodotus’s histories: different reactions to women being taken

Other than investigating the the wars between Greeks and non-Greeks, what else does Herodotus explore…

• Different lands and customs

• study of foreign customs

• Tim Rood