Criminal Courts and Law — Exam 1

executive

There are three branches of the federal government of the United States. The ___ branch is responsible for administering the law and includes the President and the President’s Cabinet

Judicial restraint

Which of the following refers to the philosophy of limiting decisions to the facts of each case, deciding only the issue or issues that need to be resolved in a particular situation?

100

The Supreme Court generally issues written opinions for less than ___ cases each term

False

A judicially restrained judge seek ways to avoid precedent and look to set new guidelines and rules

dual

The United States has a ___ court system, consisting of state and federal courts

Nine

How many justices currently comprise the U.S. Supreme Court?

Adversarial

Which of the following terms is used to describe a justice system that pits two parties against each other in pursuit of the truth?

Presumption

What is the term that refers to a fact assumed to be true under the law?

Article III

Which article of the U.S. Constitution calls for the creation of a Supreme Court and allows Congress to create lower courts at their discretion?

False

The number of justices of the Supreme Court has never changed in the United States and cannot be changed

John Roberts

Who is the current Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court?

False

The number of federal court cases is significantly greater than the number of state court cases

False

An opinion that explains why a judge or justice disagrees with a court’s official holding is called a concurring opinion

Three

How many tiers of courts are there in the United States federal judicial system?

alibi

A criminal defense where a defendant claims they were unable to have committed the crime (generally due to being somewhere else at the time of the crime) is called an ___

Adjudication

What is the term that refers to the process by which a court arrives at a decision regarding a case?

Conflict jurisdiction

Which of the following is NOT one of the three key types of jurisdiction?

Case-flow management

Which term describes “the court supervision of the case progress of all cases filed in that court”?

Bill of Rights

What do we refer to the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution as?

Sixth Amendment

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution requires that trials generally be open to the public?

Congress

Almost all government power under the Articles of Confederation was vested within a single chamber legislature called:

Amicus curiae

Which term refers to a brief that is often filed on behalf of various interest groups as a means to get involved in cases and thereby influence court decisions and policy?

5

How many justices serve on the Indiana Supreme Court?

Subject matter jurisdiction

What type of jurisdiction considers the type of case and whether the court has the authority to hear such a case?

Seventh Circuit

The state of Indiana belongs to which of the following Circuit Courts of Appeal?

Articles of Confederation

The _________ was the first governing document in the United States

Court

Which of the following terms refers to an agency or unit of the judicial branch of government, authorized or established by statute or constitution, and has the authority to decide upon cases, controversies in law, and disputed matters of the fact brought before it?

Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization

In which case did the Supreme Court controversially overturn the previous decision of Roe v. Wade?

True

The primary function of federal appellate courts is to review alleged errors made by district court judges

False

Research, including that conducted by Levendusky et al. (2024) has shown that public support and confidence in the Supreme Court has increased since 1970

94

How many District Courts are there in the United States federal judicial system?

Per curiam

______ opinions are agreed to by all the judges, tend to be short, and are quickly issued

Article I

The U.S. Tax Court, U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims, and Court of Federal Claims are all examples of which type of courts?

Robert Bork

The Supreme Court has become increasingly politicized over time. Scholars often point to the rejection of ______ (nominated by Ronald Reagan and rejected by a vote of 42-58 in the Senate in 1987) to the Supreme Court as a pivotal moment in this process

Felony

The term referring to a serious offense generally punishable by more than one year of incarceration is a:

President; Senate

Federal judges are nominated by the ___ and confirmed by the ___

True

The states generally have more authority in creating criminal law than the federal government

Code of Hammurabi

What is the earliest known example of a formal written legal code?

True

Higher courts can control the actions and decisions of lower courts, but not the other way around

Jurisdiction

What is the term referring to the power of a court to resolve a dispute?

original

Jurisdiction can be either ___, meaning the court has the authority to hear the case from the outset, or appellate, meaning the court only has authority to hear appeals from lower courts

False

Criminal courts generally resolve disputes between private parties

13

How many different Circuits are there in the United States Circuit Courts of Appeal?

Creating public safety programs

Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary functions of courts?

District Courts

Which of the following are the federal trial courts and the “entry point” into the federal judicial system?

legislative

There are three branches of the federal government of the United States. The ___ branch is tasked with creating law and includes the House of Representatives and Senate

Hierarchical jurisdiction

Which type of jurisdiction consider the varying levels of authority and varying roles of courts?

False

Between the years 2007 and 2016, there was a significant increase in the number of cases entering trial courts at the state level

Geographic jurisdiction

Which type of jurisdiction considers the physical location of the court and the case in question?

judicial

There are three branches of the federal government of the United States. The ___ branch is charged with interpreting law and is made up of the federal courts