principles of genetics

Polygenic-

Used to refer to traits that are determined by many different genes

Traits-

Characteristics

Chromosomes

Bundles of DNA where most genetic information of cell is organized

The chromosomes contain genes that-

Code for the same traits, but specific details of that trait may vary

Homologous chromosomes-

The maternal and paternal chromosomes of a pair

Autosomal chromosomes or autosomes-

Chromosomes 1-22

Sex chromosomes

23rd pair of chromosomes

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Determine the sex of a person

Meiosis

Occurs only in germ cells (reproductive cells) and results in the formation of the ovum or sperm with a single set of 23 chromosomes

Gametes

The sperm and ovum

Haploid cell

Containing only one set of 23 chromosomes

Zygote

Newly conceived individual

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Receives 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 from the father

Zygote has __ number of chromosomes -

diploid

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23 pairs (46 total chromosomes)

What are Spermatogonium and oogonium

The original diploid cells that undergo special cell division (meiosis) to generate the sperm and ovum