defense mechanisms + motivation theories

Regression

Retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage

Reaction formation

Switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites.

Projection

Disguising one's own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.

Rationalization

Offering self-justifying explanations

Displacement

Shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person.

Sublimation

Transferring of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motives.

Denial

Refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities.

id

a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy

ego

operates on the reality principle

superego

the part of personality that acts as a conscience

identification

the process by which a person adopts characteristics from their parents

Collective Unconscious

inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history

B. F. Skinner

behaviorism

Unconditional positive regard

according to Rogers, thinking humans are naturally positive

Instinct theory

A view that explains behavior as motivated by automatic tendencies

Drive reduction theory

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Arousal theory

goldilocks theory

Incentive theory

explains motivation as the desire to pursue rewards and avoid punishments

intrinsic motivation

A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake

extrinsic motivation

a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment

James-Lange theory

emotional experience is a reaction to physical responses

Cannon-Bard theory

belief that both physiological arousal and emotional experience are produced simultaneously

Schachter-Singer two-factor theory

emotions came from a physical arousal and it's cognitive interpretation

Cognitive appraisal theory

thinking before emotion

Evolutionary theory

emotions aid in survival