expanding realm of islam less shorter version

Abbasid Dynasty

Founded by Abu al-Abbas after overthrowing the Umayyads in 750 CE, it created a more inclusive empire and led to a golden age of culture and learning.

Harun al-Rashid

The leader of the Abbasid Dynasty known for his contributions to the golden age of culture and learning.

Persian Influence on Islamic Scholars

Persians shaped Islamic government, art, and literature by introducing strong bureaucracy, royal customs, and poetic traditions.

Greek Influence on Islamic Scholars

inspired Islamic advancements in philosophy, science, and medicine, with Muslim scholars studying Aristotle, Plato, and other classical thinkers.

Indian Influence on Islamic Scholars

through math and science, introducing the concept of zero and Arabic numerals, along with medical and astronomical knowledge.

Prosperous Trade in dar-al-Islam

thrived due to its central location, shared Arabic language, Sharia law, and safe trade routes with caravanserais and sakk (checks).

Quran

Islam's holy book, believed to be God's word revealed to Muhammad, teaching faith, morality, and serving as the base for Sharia law.

Sectarian Split in Islam

Islam split after Muhammad's death with Sunnis supporting elected leaders and Shias wanting leadership to remain within Muhammad's family through Ali.

Sufis

Islamic mystics focused on spiritual connection with God, spreading Islam through love, devotion, and missionary work.

Five Pillars of Islam

Faith in one God, daily prayer, charity, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca, forming the foundation of Muslim life.

Umayyad Dynasty

Responsible for the spread of Islam through conquest and trade across North Africa, Spain, and Central Asia between 661 and 750 CE.

Ibn Rushd (Averroes)

An Islamic scholar who used logic and reason to explain the world, influencing European thinkers and medieval scholasticism.