RBT Competency Assessment

Frequency data

Counting how many times a behavior occurs

Duration data

Recording how long a behavior lasts

Latency data

Time between receiving an instruction and starting a behavior

IRT (Interresponse Time)

Time between two consecutive responses.

ex. 5 min between bites

Discontinuous measurement

Taking measurements only during certain parts of a session

Partial interval

Recording a behavior if it occurs at all during an interval

Whole interval

Recording a behavior if it occurs throughout an ENTIRE interval

Momentary time sampling

Recording a behavior if it occurs at the end of an interval

Graphing

Creating a visual representation of data over time

Line graph

Most common type of graph used

How often should we have data graphs?

Ideally, every session, if we have the data. I would say,

"What goes on the x-axis?"

time

ex. session, trial

"What goes on the y-axis?"

behavior

what is a trend?

increase or decrease of data

(positive or negative trend)

Preference assessment

Determining a client's preferred items or activities

What are the 4 types of preference assessments?

1. Single stim

2. forced-choice,

3. free operant observation

4. multiple stim, with and without replacement.

Free Operant Observation (preference assessment)

observing and timing how long a pt engages with an item and which items they engage with

- for pt who get mad when preferred toys are taken away,

items never removed

-pt may find highly-preferred actions or activities

Single stimulus

Presenting one item at a time for the client to choose

ex. handing different items, and seeing their reaction.

Forced-choice

Presenting two or more items for the client to choose

ex.

giving someone options and asking them to pick one, just like when I gave you a pencil and a notebook and you chose the pencil, so I replaced the notebook with a phone and you chose the phone.

What's a forced-choice hierarchy?

Well, I chose the phone twice, the pencil once,

the notebook, zero. phone is proffered.

Multiple stim with replacement or with out replacement

1. lay out three or more items,

2. have them choose, and depending on if you're doing with, or without replacement,

- with replacement : you would put back the item they chose and replace the other items, and continue,

-or if you're doing without replacement, you would take out the item they chose, and then go until you only have one left.

naturalistic teaching

teaching incorporated into every day play activities. using familiar games and toys ex. pt plays w/ doll i ask how can a doll sit on table?

ABC data

Collecting data on antecedents, behaviors, and consequences

antecent

take data on :before the behavior, manipulating environment 4 success, what we do before behavior

behavior

take data on :what is the behavior?

ex. drinking h2o, tantrum

consequence

take data on :what happens right after the behavior

ex. putting cap back on, pulling hair due to frustration, blocks on ground messy room

DTT (Discrete Trial Teaching)

Teaching new skills in a structured, controlled environment ex :clear beg ,mid, end , @table , great 4 teaching new skills ex identifying body parts

Naturalistic teaching

Teaching is incorporated in play activities using familiar games and toys ex. I ask how does the doll sit on chair ?

Chaining

Breaking down a task into smaller steps and teaching each step individually

-tying shoes, washing hands

forward chaining

teach 1st step independently , then prompt the rest of the steps

ex. handwashing : turn water on

Stimulus control transfer

Fading prompts to transfer control to the desired stimulus

-applying skills to new situations

ex.saying hello to just therapist

backward chaining

-prompt everything (first steps)

- teach/ independently to complete last step

-ex handwashing : dry hands

Shaping

Reinforcing successive approximations of a behavior

ex. speech, uhh then ..bubbles reinforce always ,slowly even if not perfect

- teaching a whole behavior

Discrimination training

Teaching the client to differentiate between different stimuli

ex. diff between dog and cat , green and blue

reinforce when they touch blue

Prompting

Providing assistance to help the client perform a behavior

- gesture, verbal , visual , model, physical

( least to most dependent )

Prompt fading

Gradually reducing the level of assistance provided

Token systems

A system where tokens are earned and exchanged for reinforcers

- ex., fr2 fixed ratio(2 correct responses) , get token , touching eyes and mouth then get token and once enough tokens can exchange for break or ipad ,cookie

Crisis/emergency procedures

Implementing protocols to address dangerous situations

Antecedent interventions

Modifying the environment or motivating operations to prevent problem behaviors

antecedent interventions ex.

1. -i love ice cream

withhold ice cream until the end of session

- manipulating motivation.

2. - manipulating environment , make Piper drink water to increase toileting success

Differential reinforcement

Reinforcing desired behaviors and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors

DRO(Differential reinforcement of other behavior )

-is also a behavior reduction procedure

-involves delivering reinforcement contingent on the undesired behavior not occurring throughout a specific interval of time.

DRO example

Let's say John repeatedly leaves the table when he is asked to complete his homework. To decrease future occurrence of eloping, John will be provided a reinforcer if he does not leave the table for 5 minutes. So during this time period, John could be sitting down attending to the homework, sitting down reading his homework or he can be flipping through the page. Since he engaged in other behaviors except leaving the table during the time period, his mom gave him his favorite cracker after the 5-minute interval. If John, at any moment during the 5-minute interval gets up and leaves the table, his mom will not give him his favorite cracker.

DRA( DIff. Rein. of Alternative Behavior)

teach replacement behavior (put bad behavior in extinction)

- reinforce only wanted behavior

DRA (differential reinforcement of alternative behavior) ex .

-raising hand in class instead of shouting answer

- pt may shout answer still but only reinforce when raisng - --hand , alt. behav. is raiing hand

Extinction

Removing reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior

extinction burst

an expected increase in behavior when you put behavior on extiction

Client dignity

Respecting and treating the client with dignity and respect

Professional boundaries

Maintaining appropriate professional relationships with clients

Session notes

Objective and complete documentation of session activities

Supervision requirements

5 % of the hrs i work in a month and submitting required forms

describe one situation to me when you would seek clinical direction?

When a behavior occurs that I haven't seen before

- running a new program that I don't understand, -when I feel that parents are crossing the line