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Memory
The ability to store and retrieve information.
Amnesia
A deficit in long-term memory, resulting from disease, brain injury, or psychological trauma.
Retrograde Amnesia
The loss of previously stored memories, including events, people, and personal information.
Anterograde Amnesia
Inability to encode or store new memories.
Implicit Memory
Memory that is expressed through responses, actions, or reactions.
Explicit Memory
Memory that is consciously retrieved.
Episodic Memory
Memory for one's past experiences identified by a time and place.
Semantic Memory
Memory for knowledge of facts independent of personal experience.
Encoding
The stage in which memories are acquired.
Storage
The process which involves consolidation of memories.
Retrieval
Releasing memory from storage to be consciously experienced or influence behavior.
Sensory Memory
A memory system that briefly stores sensory information in close to its original sensory form.
Iconic Memory
Visual sensory memory.
Echoic Memory
Auditory sensory memory.
Short-term Memory
A memory storage system that briefly holds a limited amount of information in awareness.
Working Memory
An active processing system that keeps different types of information available for current use.
Memory Span
The amount of information held in working memory.
Long-term Memory
The storage of information that lasts from minutes to forever.
Serial Position Effect
The ability to recall items from a list depends on the order of presentation.
Primacy Effect
Better memory for items at the beginning of the list.
Recency Effect
Better memory for items at the end of a list.
Flashbulb Memories
Vivid episodic memories for circumstances in which people first learned of a surprising and consequential event.
Blocking
The temporary inability to remember something.
Persistence
The continual recurrence of unwanted memories.
False Memories
Memories that can be distorted or implanted by false information.
Repressed Memories
Memories that are said to be unconsciously blocked due to emotional distress.