statistical chapters 10-13 review

Data is categorized as all of the following EXCEPT:

a. Parametric

b. Nominal

C. Ordinal

d. Interval

A. Parametric

2. This type of data simply means "to name". The assignment of numeric values for analysis of this type of data is arbitrary.

A. Ratio

B. Nominal

C. Ordinal

D. Interval

B. Nominal

This type of data are ordered in a particular and meaningful manner.

a. Ratio

b. Nominal

c. Ordinal

d. Interval

C. Ordinal

_________ statistical methods of comparison are

used to analyze nominal data.

a. Parametric

B. Nonparametric

c. Interval

d. Ratio

B. Nonparametric

_______statistics are appropriate for analyzing interval and ratio data under most circumstances

a. Ratio

b. Interval

c. Nonparametric

d. Parametric

D. Parametric

What is the most useful measure of central tendency when analyzing nominal data?

a. Mode

b. Mean

c. Median

d. None of the above

A. Mode

What is the appropriate measure of central tendency for ordinal data scales?

a. Mean

b. Median

c. Mode

d. Range

B. Median

Interval and ratio data are similar. Both types of data are analyzed with the same statistical procedures.What is the defining difference between the two?

a. Ratio data has an absolute 0.

b. There is no difference between the two.

c. Range could be provided as a measure of dispersion

d. Variance

a. Ratio data has an absolute 0.

Analyze the distribution of variance, hence the term
"analysis of variance (ANOVA)." (____)

Parametric statistics

The difference between a score or value and a mean. (_____)

Variance

The square root of variance. (_____)

Standard deviation

The result of ANOVA that permits estimates of probability. (______)

F value

Variation from the mean that is attributed to factors beyond
the scope of the research design.(______)

Unexplained Variance

When interpreting F, the _____ specifies the level of accepted risk of incorrectly concluding that observed differences do not reflect true differences in a population of 100.

a. Statistical power

b. Type I error

c. Type l error

d. Alpha value

d. Alpha value

Power is influenced by the following factors:

a. The mean difference between groups

B. The variance within groups

c. Sample size

d. All of the above

D. All of the above

This occurs when a null hypothesis is rejected when in fact population differences do not exist.

a. Type Il error

b. Type I error

c. Alpha value

d. Statistical power

B. Type 1 error

This occurs when a null hypothesis is not rejected yet a study of the population would reveal differences between groups.

A. Alpha value

b. Type I error

c. Type Il error

d. Statistical power

A. Alpha value

The less____ a measurement is, the lower the association between that variable and any other variable, unless the direction and magnitude of error are similar for each.

a. Precise

b. Reliable

c. Valid

d. Homogeneous

b. Reliable

It is possible to have a strong relationship between two variables, but the strength o the relationship is underestimated due to

a. Homogeneity

b. Timing

c. Measurement imprecision

D. The sample tested

c. Measurement imprecision

Generalization of results into clinical practice is a judgment of the____, but the investigator must provide sufficient description.

a. Researcher

b. Clinician

c. Your employer

d. Patient

b. Clinician

This is the fundamental statistic for the analysis of interval and ratio data to estimate the strength of the association between variables.

a. Data analysis

b. Measurement error

c. Regression analysis

d. Data validity

c. Regression analysis

The more homogenous a sample, the more likely the strength of the association between variables will be

a. Underestimated

b. Accepted

c. Valued

d. Generalized

a. Underestimated

This type of regression is used to measure the strength of the association between pairs of data that are interval or ordinal

a. T-test

b. Simple linear regression

c. ANOVA

d. None of the above

b. Simple linear regression

Greater complexity in research designs and data analysis is not necessarily an indicator of better research.suggests that the finding is a reflection of a population phenomenon

a. ANCOVA

b. Post-hoc test

c. Significant interaction

d. MANOVA

c. Significant interaction

This value is an indication that the differences observed when studying a sample are reflective of true population differences.

a. F

b. R2

c. X2

d. p-value

d. p-value