Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes about elements, compounds, mixtures, and separation techniques.

Atom

The smallest particle of a substance that can exist.

Element

Pure substance consisting of only one type of atom.

Compound

Pure substance containing two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

Mixture

Impure substance containing two or more different substances mixed together but not chemically combined.

How do impurities affect the melting/freezing and boiling points of a substance?

When a substance is impure, its melting/freezing point decreases, and its boiling point increases.

What is paper chromatography?

A separation technique using paper and solvents to separate soluble substances.

What is the formula for Rf value in chromatography?

Distance moved by the spot from the origin / Distance moved by the solvent from the origin.

What is filtration?

A separation technique where a mixture of solid and liquid is poured through filter paper to separate the solid particles.

What is filtrate?

The liquid that passes through the filter paper during filtration.

What is crystallization?

A method in which a warm saturated solution is allowed to cool, forming crystals of the solute as solubility decreases.

What is simple distillation?

A method in which a solution is heated so that only the solvent boils, then the vapor is cooled and collected.

What is fractional distillation?

A method for separating a mixture of two or more liquids with different boiling points.