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57 Terms

1
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は(わ)

topic marker; contrast

2
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が(が)

subject marker; identifier

3
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を(を)

direct object marker

4
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に(に)

location (existence); time; destination; indirect object

5
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で(で)

location (action); means; cause

6
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へ(へ)

direction (to ~)

7
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の(の)

possession; noun linker; description

8
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と(と)

and; with; quotation

9
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や(や)

A, B, etc. (non-exhaustive list)

10
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も(も)

also; too

11
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から(から)

from; because

12
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まで(まで)

until; up to

13
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より(より)

than (comparison base)

14
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だけ(だけ)

only; just

15
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しか(しか)

only (w/ negative = nothing but)

16
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ぐらい(ぐらい)

about; approximately; around

17
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くらい(くらい)

about; approximately (alt form)

18
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ほど(ほど)

about; to the extent; as ~ as

19
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までに(までに)

by (deadline)

20
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で(すうし+で)

in ~ (time/amount to complete)

21
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のに(のに)

despite; although; even though

22
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として(として)

as (in the role of)

23
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によって(によって)

by; due to; depending on

24
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について(について)

about; concerning

25
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にとって(にとって)

for; from the standpoint of

26
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によると(によると)

according to

27
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って(って)

casual quote; topic (spoken)

28
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とか(とか)

things like A and B; or something like that

29
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など(など)

etc.; and so on (implies non-exhaustive)

30
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ばかり(ばかり)

only; nothing but; just did (~たばかり)

31
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までで(までで)

up to and including ~

32
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から~まで(から~まで)

from ~ to ~

33
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にも(にも)

also at/in/on ~; also to ~

34
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では(では)

at/in ~ (topic); then…; well then (set phrase)

35
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には(には)

in/at ~ (for); as for ~ (location/topic emphasis)

36
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でも(でも)

even; or something like ~; ~ is fine (suggestion)

37
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としては(としては)

as ~ (topic contrast)

38
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にしては(にしては)

for ~ (unexpectedly)

39
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にしても(にしても)

even if; even ~

40
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において(において)

in; at; regarding (formal)

41
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に対して(にたいして)

toward; against; in contrast to

42
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によれば(によれば)

according to (alt to によると)

43
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までには(までには)

by (emphatic; before ~ is reached)

44
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ずつ(ずつ)

each; apiece; at a time

45
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ほど~ない(ほど~ない)

not as ~ as

46
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でも~ない(でも~ない)

not even ~

47
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さえ(さえ)

even; if only

48
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こそ(こそ)

(emphasis) precisely; exactly

49
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からこそ(からこそ)

precisely because ~

50
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だって(だって)

because; even; after all (casual)

51
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に関して(にかんして)

concerning; regarding (formal)

52
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に関する(にかんする)

concerning ~ (modifying noun)

53
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を通して(をとおして)

through; via

54
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を通じて(をつうじて)

through; throughout (period)

55
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に沿って(にそって)

along; in line with

56
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に基づいて(にもとづいて)

based on

57
New cards

についての(についての)

about ~ (modifying noun)