AP Biology - Functional Groups(and 6 other thingies)
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Honestly just stuff I got from an Edpuzzle. Still, should be some help to ya.
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14 Terms
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Organic Chemistry
The study of carbon-containing compounds.
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Four valence electrons
Carbon has ____________, making it able to have four covalent bonds at the same time.
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Isomers
Molecules with the same formula but different structures are called ______, as they can completely change the function of a molecule.
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Enantiomers
A sub-category of isomers; essentially mirror-images of the original molecule.
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Geometrical Isomers
A sub-category of isomers; where the atoms are arranged differently, but with the same bonds as the original.
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Structural Isomers
A sub-category of isomers; when atoms are bonded to different atoms in comparison to ther original.
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Functional Groups
These different GROUPS of different atoms/molecules give compounds and macromolecules their different properties, or FUNCTIONS.
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Hydroxyl
\-Polar, Hydrophilic
\-good for reactions
\-Becomes an alcohol when R is a alkyl group
\-good for reactions
\-Becomes an alcohol when R is a alkyl group
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Carbonyl
\-Common in carbohydrates
\-Not to be confused with group of similar name
\-Not to be confused with group of similar name
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Carboxyl
\-Acidic, attached to amino ACIDS
\-Not to be confused with group of similar name
\-Not to be confused with group of similar name
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Amino
\-Basic
\-Compounds are amines
\-Attached to AMINO acids
\-Compounds are amines
\-Attached to AMINO acids
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Sulfhydryl
\-Also referred to as a thiol group
\-Compounds are thiols
\-stabilizes some proteins, so sometimes found in amino acids
\-smells really bad
\-Compounds are thiols
\-stabilizes some proteins, so sometimes found in amino acids
\-smells really bad
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Phosphate
\-good for energy transfer
\-found in ATP(it’s the P, by the way) and special lipids for the cell membrane
\-found in ATP(it’s the P, by the way) and special lipids for the cell membrane
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Methyl
\-Super important for gene expression, found in nucleic acids
\-hydrophobic, so found in lipids, too
\-hydrophobic, so found in lipids, too
Note 
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