Stats vocab

Stratified Sampling

You divide people into groups, then randomly select some people from EVERY group.

Cluster Sampling

You divide people into groups, then randomly select WHOLE groups

Simple Random Sample

a small group chosen completely by chance from a larger group, where every single person or item has an equal and fair chance of being picked

Systematic Sampling

you select people using a fixed pattern or interval from a list.

Sampling Bias

certain groups are under- or over-represented

Nonresponse Bias

selected individuals who do NOT respond have different opinions than those who do

Response Bias

answers do not reflect true feelings of respondents

Nominal and Ordinal

What are qualitative variables

interval, ratio, ordinal

What are quantitative variables

Nominal

naming values of qualitative data sets with no natural order

Ordinal

naming values of qualitative or quantitative data sets with natural order

Interval

Differences between values are meaningful which mean 0 has a value

ratio

differneces are meaningful and 0 has no value

Inherent 0

It represents none or an absolute zero

Explanatory Variable

is the variable that you think influences changes in another variable

Response variable

is the variable that changes in response to the explanatory variable

Association

means that when one variable changes, the other variable tends to change too

Causation

is what makes variables change