Chemistry: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to Chapter 11 on Liquids and Intermolecular Forces, providing definitions and explanations for important terms.

Intermolecular Forces

Attractions between molecules that are weaker than intramolecular attractions (bonds).

Condensed Phases

The solid and liquid states where particles are closer together than in gases.

Kinetic Energy

The energy that keeps particles apart and moving, related to temperature.

Viscosity

The resistance of a liquid to flow, increasing with stronger intermolecular forces.

Cohesive Forces

Intermolecular forces that bind similar molecules to one another.

Adhesive Forces

Intermolecular forces that bind a substance to a surface.

Capillary Action

The rise of liquids up narrow tubes due to adhesive and cohesive forces.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure.

Critical Temperature

The temperature beyond which a gas cannot be compressed into a liquid.

Supercritical Fluid

A state of matter where a substance is above its critical temperature and pressure.

Hydrogen Bonding

A strong type of dipole-dipole interaction between hydrogen and highly electronegative atoms (N, O, F).

Dispersion Forces

The weakest intermolecular forces resulting from temporary dipoles in molecules.

Dipole-Dipole Interactions

The attractions between polar molecules with positive and negative ends.

Phase Change

The conversion from one state of matter to another, involving energy addition or release.

Surface Tension

The inward forces on the surface of a liquid that cause it to behave as if it has a 'skin'.

Vapor Pressure

The pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid at a given temperature.

Phase Diagram

A graph showing states of matter and changes of state under varying temperature and pressure.

Liquid Crystals

Substances with properties of both liquids and solids, exhibiting some degree of order.

Polarizability

The tendency of an electron cloud to distort, contributing to intermolecular forces.

Ion-Dipole Interactions

Interactions important in solutions of ions, affecting solubility in polar solvents.