Ch. 3 Careers in Healthcare

what % of Americans workforce is in healthcare?

13%

what is causing growth of healthcare? 

population growth

aging population 

increased life expectancy

where are most healthcare jobs located

hospitals

define demographic

statistical study of human population

what is the ACA

affordable care act established in 2010 to provide healthcare coverage to all americans to cut healthcare costs

what does the ACA emphasize

prevention and primary care

ex of chronic disease

diabetes, cancer

ex of a cute disease

diarrhea

what is a physicians role

to evaluate, diagnose and treat patients

how are physicians licensed

MD and DO

what is Allopathic

medical practice that is disease focused, and counteractive and more conventional.

whats osteopathic?

holistic and comprehensive utilizing musculoskeletal manipulation.

what is NBME

national board of medical examiners

what is NBOME

National board of Osteopathic medical examiners

how long are internships and residency?

2-6 years

what do MDs focus on? 

disease 

what do DOs focus on

musculoskeletal

who is more likely to be a generalist

a DO

ex of generalist

family medicine, internal medicine, pediatrics

how do referrals work? 

a PCP consults patient, then referral request is made to send patient to a specialist. 

PCP definition

primary care doctor

what do hospitalists focus on

inpatient medicine and hospital-based care

what are the roles of hospitalists

to manage care during hospitalization improve cost efficiency, and length of stay

how are hospitalists trained? 

Same way as DOs, from internal medicine, family practice or pediatrics. 

what is gatekeeping

primary care controls access to specialty care

what does longitudubal mean

taking care of someone over time

what is episodic

taking care at irregular intervals

what do primary doctors focus on

long term care coordination

what do specialists focus on

focused, short term, intense

comorbidity?

exists simultaneously with another illness

what are different work settings for physicians

hospitals, public work sectors

what does public sector mean

part of the economy that is controlled by the government

whhat are ambulatory visits 

to be able to walk around

how are physicians maldistributed

more physicians show up in urban and suburban areas, neglecting rural places.

whats maldistribution

an undesireable inequality

where do most doctors cluster

metro and suburban areas

why does us have more specialists > PCPs 

specialist pay more, easier to pay off debt 

consequences of more specialists > PCPs 

higher costs that go to patients, less effective care without primary screening

what is reimbursement

to pay back

what are underserved populations

areas that don’t get as much doctors to help out the people

what are orthodontics

dentist who works on braces

whats periodontics

diseases of the gums and teeth

whats prsthodontics 

replace missing or chipped teeth 

whats endodontics

disease of dental pulp

what does pathology mean

regular disease