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how many portions of fruit or veg does the government recommend to promote good health?
5
what is aeration?
air is added to a mixture to help make it lighter
what is alternative protein?
a form of protein not from meat that is suitable for vegetarians (eg. tofu)
what are amino acids?
building blocks of the body that make up proteins
what type of amino acids can our body make?
non-essential
where does our body get essential amino acids from?
foods
what is the condition where a person has a reduced number of red blood cells?
anaemia
what is a basal metabolic rate?
the minimum amount of energy needed to keep you alive each day
what does the best before date tell you?
the date a low risk foods quality is expected to deteriorate
what is a biological value a measure of?
the amount of essential amino acids a protein based food contains
whats a calorie a measure of?
the amount of energy in food
whats a carbon footprint?
a measure of impact something has on the environment
what is cardiovascular disease?
any disease related to the heart or blood vessels
what is cholesterol?
a fatty substance essential for cell membrane
what can to much cholesterol do in the body?
increase risk of cardiovascular disease
what is coagulation?
when denatured proteins join together changing the appearance and texture of food
what happens to the digestive system if someone has coeliac disease?
it is sensitive to gluten and cant digest it
what is cross contamination?
the transfer of potentially harmful bacteria from one thing to another
what is a danger zone?
the range of temperatures that bacteria multiply very quickly
what range of temperatures is in the danger zone?
5-63 degrees
what happens during denaturation?
chemical bonds holding proteins together break down causing proteins to unravel
what is dextrinisation?
when starch molecules break down into dextrins after being exposed to dry heat
what is diabetes?
a disorder where blood glucose levels stay too high because the pancreas cant produce enough insulin or the body resists it
what are dietary reference values?
estimates of amounts of nutrients people need in their diets
whats an eat well guide?
government healthy eating guidelines in the form of pie charts that show the proportions of food that people should have in their diets
whats an emulsifier?
something added to food to hold its ingredients together that wouldn't normally mix
what do enzymes act as?
biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions
what does the fair trade foundation do?
partner with food suppliers and try and improve their working conditions and income
where are fat soluble vitamins found?
fatty foods and the body stores them i in fat tissue for future use
what are food miles?
the distance a food product travels from where its produced to where its sold
what is it called where a person is unable to afford or access sufficient and nutritious food?
food poverty
whats food security?
someone having access at all times to enough safe and nutritious food for an active and healthy life
what happens in fortification?
extra nutrients are added to foods
what happens in gelatinisation?
starch particles swell and burst which thickens a liquid
what happens in gelation?
foods are set by chilling or freezing
what is gluten?
a protein found in wheat flours that makes doughs elastic
what type of food is slaughtered or prepared using a method that follows Islamic dietary laws?
halal
what is a high risk food?
a ready to eat meal that if not stored properly could grow harmful microorganisms
what is an inability to eat a type of food without negative affects on the body?
intolerance
what type of food follows the requirements of Jewish dietary laws?
kosher
what is somebody who doesn't eat any meat fish or eggs but consumes milk and other dairy products called?
a lacto vegetarian
what is somebody who doesn't eat any meat or fish but consumes eggs milk and other dairy products called?
lacto ovo vegetarian
whats the digestive problem where people cant digest lactose called?
lactose intolerant
whats a macronutrient?
a nutrient needed by our bodies in large amounts
whats a micronutrient?
a nutrient needed by our bodies in small amounts
whats a microorganism?
a tiny living thing including moulds bacteria and yeasts
whats a mineral?
a chemical element that our bodies need in small amounts
what is mould?
a microorganism that can spoil foods
what happens in a nutritional analysis?
they find out the nutritional content of a food or recipe
what is the condition called when the body has accumulated too much fat?
obesity
what are omega 3 and omega 6?
groups of essential fatty acids that our bodies cannot make
what is the bone disease where bones weaken and become brittle called?
osteoorosis
what is pasteurisation?
a process of heat treating food to destroy bacteria
whats a preservative?
something added to food to slow down the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms so the product lasts longer
what happens in primary food processing?
changing raw foods to make them ready to eat or cook or prepare them as an ingredient for other food products
what is protein complementation?
combining low biological value proteins to give them enough of all the essential amino acids we need
what is ramadan?
a month in the muslim year in which most muslims are expected to fast between sunrise and sunset
what is reduction?
a process that thickens and makes flavours of liquids more intense by evaporating water
what is a reference intake?
guidelines for the amount of energy and nutrients an average adult requires per day
what is rickets?
a condition where children's bones are left soft and weak
what are saturated fats?
a group of fats that mainly come from animal sources and are solid or semi solid at room temperature
what is secondary food processing?
changing primary processed foods into other food products
what is a shelf life?
the amount of time a product can go without spoiling or loosing its quality
what is a sustainable process?
one that doesnt cause permanent damage to the environment or use up finite resources
what are unsaturated fats?
fats that come from mainly vegetable sources and are normally liquids at room temperature
what does the use by date tell us?
when the food is likely to be unsafe to eat
what is someone who doesnt eat any products from an animal called?
a vegan
what is someone who doesnt eat any meat called?
a vegetarian
what are vitamins?
organic compounds needed in small quantities to keep our body alive and healthy
what are water soluble vitamins?
ones that arent stored in the body and should be taken daily
what is yeast?
a microorganism that can spoil food and is also used as a raising agent in bread making
what is protein needed for?
growth, repair and maintenance
what are proteins made up of?
amino acids
what problems can excess protein cause?
pressure and strain on the liver and kidneys
what problem can protein deficiency cause?
slowed growth
weak hair skin and nails
weak immune system
digestion problems
kwashiorkor
oedema
what do fats provide?
energy, nutrients and insulation
which type of fat is generally better for your health?
unsaturated
what % of our daily food energy should fats make up?
less than 35
what problems can excess fat cause?
weight gain
obesity
type 2 diabetes
increased blood cholesterol
high blood pressure
increased risk of cardiovascular disease
what problems can fat deficiency cause?
vitamin deficiency
weight loss
less insulation
thinner layer of fat - less protection
what are carbohydrates needed for?
energy
what type of carbohydrates are digested quickly?
simple
what type of carbohydrates take longer to digest?
complex
what % of our energy should come from carbohydrates?
50
what problems can excess carbohydrates cause?
fat - obesity -other health problems
dental problems
rapid blood sugar level changes
what problems can a carbohydrate deficiency cause?
blood sugar levels drop - hunger - tired -dizzy
use fat stores and protein stores
what type of vitamins are vitamins A and D?
fat soluble
why do we need vitamin A?
eyesight
growth
immune system
skin
what problems can excess vitamin A cause?
weak bones
what problems can vitamin A deficiency cause?
night blindness
weak immune system
stunted growth
what do we need vitamin D for?
absorption of various minerals
what problems can excess vitamin D cause?
too much calcium - kidney damage
what problems can vitamin D deficiency cause?
bone diseases - soft/ brittle bones
what type of vitamins are vitamins B and C?
water soluble
why do we need vitamin C?
protects body from diseases and allergies
blood vessels healthy
heals wounds
helps body absorb iron
what problems can excessive vitamin C cause?
stomach pain
diarrhoea
what problems can vitamin C deficit cause?
anaemia and scurvy
increase cancer risk
what are the main types of vitamin B an what are their functions?
B1- helps nervous system and energy release from foods
B2- helps energy release from foods and repair of tissues
B3- helps energy release of foods and maintain a healthy nervous system and skin
B9- important for growth and babies and works with B12 to make red blood cells
B12- helps with nervous system and works with B9 to make red blood cells
what are trace elements?
minerals needed in even smaller amounts (fluoride and iodine)
what are minerals?
chemical elements needed in small amounts (calcium iron potassium magnesium)
