lipids

lipids

Organic compounds w C and H that are insoluble in water.

Lipids = fats/oils → think "doesn't like water

soluble in other lipids

3 types lipids

1. triglycerides

2. phospholipids

3. steroids

Triglyceride

A fat made of 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids.
TRI = THREE → 3 fatty acids.

body fat, energy source, saturated/unsaturated

Saturated fat

Fat with fatty acid chains containing only SINGLE covalent bonds.
SATURATED = SINGLE BOND saturated w hydrogen

Unsaturated fat

Fat with one or more double covalent bonds.
UNsaturated = NOT fully saturated → double bonds are present.

saturated fats at room temp

solid at room temperature because their straight chains pack closely together.
Straight = stacks → they stack tightly → solid.

Unsaturated fats at room temp

Usually liquid at room temperature because double bonds create bends in the chains.
Bends = can't pack → liquid.

trans fats

oils solidified when add H at double bond= partially hydrogenated

risk of cardiovascular disease

Hydrophilic

Easily mixes or dissolves in water.
PHILIC = LOVES → water-loving.

Hydrophobic

Does not mix or dissolve in water.

PHOBIC = FEARS → water-fearing.

Polar

Charged; generally water soluble and hydrophilic.
POLAR = WATER FRIENDLY.

Nonpolar

Uncharged; generally water insoluble and hydrophobic.
NONPOLAR = WATER AVOIDER.

Phospholipid

lipid w 2 fatty acids and a phosphate-containing head (polar)

PHOSPHO = phosphate head.

Phospholipid head → Polar / hydrophilic.
HEAD = HYDROPHILIC → head likes water.

Phospholipid tails → Nonpolar / hydrophobic.
TAILS = HYDROPHOBIC → tails avoid water.

Function of phospholipids

Form cell membranes.: water-loving heads face water, water-fearing tails hide inside.

steroid

lipid containing 4 fused carbon rings.

4 rings = steroid things

4 ex sterioid

1. cholesterol:base of all steroids formed in body (LIVER)

2. bile salts

3. vitamin d

4. hormones