ATI TEAS 7 Gastrointestinal System

delguition

swallowing of the food bolus

epiglottis

prevents food from entering the respiratory system

peristalsis

contractions of muscle in the esophagus, moving food bolus through the gastric sphincter to the stomach

esophageal sphincter

prevents reflux of food back into the esophagus

stomach

muscular organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen that receives food from the esophagus

pancreas

Regulates the level of sugar in the blood

what does the pancreas secrete?

insulin and glucagon

pyloric sphincter

serves as a gateway between the stomach and the small intestine

duodenum

first part of the small intestine.

where is the duodenum located?

between the stomach and the middle part of the small intestine, or jejunum

jejunum

second part of the small intestine

primary function of the jejunum

absorb sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids

ileum

connects small intestine to large intestine

what does the ileum absorb?

any remaining nutrients that did not get absorbed by the duodenum or jejunum, such as B12 and bile acids

deglutition

is the transport of a bolus of food or liquid from the mouth to the stomach

deglutition is

swallowing

ascending colon

first main part of the large intestine, which passes upward from the cecum on the right side of the abdomen

transverse colon

middle part of large intestine, passing across the abdomen from right to left below the stomach

descending colon

part of the large intestine that passes downward on the left side of the abdomen toward the rectum

sigmoid colon

s-shaped, last part of the large intestine, leading into the rectum

rectum

the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus

enzyme

substance that chemically breaks down food

the gastrointestinal system (GI) is critical in maintaining a

healthy body by eliminating waste and absorbing nutrients

alimentary canal

is a long tube extending from the mouth to the anus

the alimentary canal contains what muscle?

smooth muscle

what does the alimentary canal consists of?

mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, rectum, and abus

accessory organs of the digestive system

tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder

Where does chemical digestion begin?

mouth

what is mastication?

chewing

What are the three salivary glands?

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

What does salivary gland do?

produces amylase

What is amylase?

Amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugar

what does amylase digest?

carbohydrates

What is bolus?

food that is chewed and formed into a small round structure

What are the regions of the stomach?

cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

The stomach lining consists of folds called

rugae

Chyme

pasty substance

What body part helps regulate the flow of substances into the large intestine?

ileocecal valve

What is function of the appendix?

store friendly bacteria that helps further breakdown food

What hormone controls secretions?

gastrin

What part of the nervous system promotes the release of gastrin?

parasympathetic nervous system

What are secreted in the stomach

pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, gastric lipase

What does pepsinogen combine with to form pepsin?

hydrochloric acid

What promotes Vit B12 absorption?

gastric lipase digests fats and intrinsic factor

Where does chyme exist and enters?

chyme exists the stomach and enters the duodenum

What hormone does the duodenum secrete to promote pancreatic secretions?

secretin

What enzymes does the pancreas secrete?

teypsin, chymotrypsin, pancreatic lipase, pancreatic amylase , and bicarbonate ions

What enzyme does the pancreas secrete to help neutralize the acidic chyme and create an alkaline environment?

bicarbonate ions

Where is bile produced?

liver

Where is bile stored?

gallbladder

When fatty chyme enters the duodenum, what hormone is secreted by the duodenum?

cholecystokinin or CCK

What helps to emulsify fats for absorption?

bile salts

What enzyme in the SI digest fats?

lipase

What enzyme in the SI digest proteins?

proteases

What are the three enzymes in the SI breaks down carbohydrates to simple sugars?

maltase, lactase, and sucrase

Of the following organs, which has both endocrine and digestive functions?

pancreas

The term _________________ refers to the contraction of smooth muscle in the digestive system that moves food along the GI tract.

peristalsis

What hormone is released from the pancrea to telo regulate blood sugar?

glucagon

Gastric reflux occurs as a result of an improper closing of the ________________.

lower esophageal sphincter

If villi in the small intestine were to become damaged, which of the following would likely occur?

Malnutrition would result due to a decreased ability to absorb nutrients.

What increases the surface area of the small intestine?

villi and microvilli

The ______________ is an extension off of the large intestine that is often referred to as a vestigial organ.

appendix

In the digestive system, bile is manufactured by the ______________ and stored in the ______________.

liver; gallbladder

The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the

small intestine

The function of the pyloric sphincter is to

control the entry of food into the duodenum

In the digestive system, the function of the ____________ is to ______________.

stomach; secrete pepsinogen for protein digestion

The primary function of _____________ is _____________________.

bile; fat emulsification in the small intestine

The folds that make up the shape of the villi and microvilli:

Facilitate absorption due to an increased surface area.

Which of the following describes the contraction of the smooth muscle in order to move food down the esophagus to the stomach?

Peristalsis

Which of the following digestive organs contains vitamin-producing bacteria?

large intestine

What organs produces vitamin K?

large intestine

Which of the following is not a function of pancreatic juice?

Increase acidity of stomach contents