Chapter 4- Eukaryotes

endosymbiosis

organism lives inside the cells of another

bacteria stays in our cells and becomes mitochondria

what do mitochondria do

generate atp*

cilia

shorter and more numerous

only found on eukaryotes

cell walls of fungi

rigid and provide support and shape

cell walls of protozoa and helminths

do not have them

cytoplasmic membrane

selectively permeable barrier

nucleous

protects dna

nucleolus

where you make rna

chromatin

made of dna and histone proteins

genetic material of cell

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes on surface make proteins

transports materials from nucleus to cytoplasm

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

nutrient processing

closed tubular network without ribosomes

storage of lipids

golgi apparatus

site of protein modification and shipping

contains cisternae

cisternae

flattened sacs on golgi apparatus

do not form continuous network

lysosomes

carrying digestive enzymes

transitional vesicles

picked up at the face of the Golgi apparatus

condensing vesicles

pinch off of the Golgi apparatus and
are then conveyed to lysosomes or transported outside
the cell

vacuoles

membrane bound sacs containing fluids or solid particles
to be digested, excreted, or stored

mitochondria

generate atp

cristae

on the mitochondrias inner membrane of inner folds

extracts chemical energy contained in nutrient molecules and stores it as ATP

chloroplasts

found in algae and plant cells

capable of converting energy from sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis

Ribosomes

on rough ER

Staging areas for protein synthesis

Cytoskeleton

anchoring organelles

moving RNA and vesicles

permitting shape changes

movement

Actin filaments

from cytoskeleton

helps cell move

microtubules

maintain shape of eukaryotic cells without cell walls

holds shape

intermediate filaments

structural support to cell and organelles

road network

forms of fungi

unicellular

colonial

complex/multicellular-mushrooms, puffballs

septae in molds

Cross walls found in fungi that allow flow of organelles and nutrients between adjacent compartments 

Non-septate hyphae

one continuous cell

Vegetative hyphae

responsible for the visible

mass of growth

Reproductive or fertile hyphae

what appendages do prokaryotes have

flagella

fimbraie

pillus

what appendages do eukaryotes have

flagella

cillia

need to know about fungi

nutrition: heterotrophs-eat other organisms

reproduction: spores

can cause primary and secondary infection

mycoses

fungal infection

functions of fungi

used for antibiotics, alcohol and decomposing

fungal nutrition-Heterotrophic

acquire nutrients from a wide variety of organic substrates

fungal nutrition-saprobic

nutrition from dead plants

fungal nutrition-parasitic

grow on bodies of living animals or plants

fungi reproduction

spores

how do fungi eat

secrete enzymes outside their body and absorb the food

sporangiospores

formed on inside for protection

conidiospores

formed on outside for dispersion

protozoa

single celled, aquatic, heterotrophic

heterotrophic

eat other organisms

what do amoeba have instead of appendages

pseudopod

cyst

protozoa in bad environment

balled up protozoa

trophozoite

protozoa in good enviroment

helminths

parasitic worms

tapeworms, flukes, roundworms

flat worms

called cestodes(tapeworms) and trematodes (flukes)

roundworms

also called nematodes

have organs

Enterobius vermicularis

pinworm disease

infestation of large intestine