Mental Health and Eating Disorders Flashcards

Flashcards about Mental Health and Eating Disorders

What do traditional psychology theories tend to ignore when explaining individual differences in mental health?

External factors such as situational factors.

What is the focus of psychological models regarding psychopathology?

Psychological rather than biological processes.

What is the focus of critical psychological models?

How power, social, political constructs created by society affect behaviour.

What are 'common mental health disorders' considered to be?

Extreme forms of 'normal' emotional experiences such as depression, anxiety or panic.

What is a key characteristic of 'less common mental health disorders'?

Psychotic symptoms that interfere with a person's perception of reality.

What are two eating disorders mentioned?

Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa.

What is a shared characteristic of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa?

Both employ extreme methods to lose weight and keep weight down.

Where are Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa included?

DSM-5 & ICD-11.

What is Anorexia Nervosa characterized as?

A self-starvation syndrome.

What is a major physical sign of Anorexia Nervosa?

Emaciation caused by food refusal.

What is a common psychological symptom of Anorexia Nervosa?

Intense fear of becoming fat/gaining weight.

What are two subtypes of Anorexia Nervosa?

The restricting type (ANR) and the binge eating/purging type (ANBP).

What is a diagnostic criterion of Anorexia Nervosa according to DSM-5?

Persistent restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight.

Name three primary symptoms associated with Anorexia Nervosa.

Denial, Depression, Mood swings, Social Withdrawal, Lack of sexual interest, Low self-esteem.

What is a physical secondary symptom of Anorexia Nervosa?

Constipation, Low Blood Pressure, Hypothermia.

What is Bulimia Nervosa often referred to as?

The ‘binge-purge syndrome’.

Briefly describe the binge-purge cycle in Bulimia Nervosa.

Massive quantities of food are eaten, then measures are taken to rid the body of the potential fat – producing calories.

List three criteria for Bulimia Nervosa according to DSM-5.

Recurrent episodes of binge eating, inappropriate compensatory behavior, self-evaluation unduly influenced by body shape and weight.

What percentage of people with eating disorders are estimated to be Bulimic?

40%.

What is the average age of onset for Bulimia Nervosa?

18.5 years.

What are the two subtypes of Bulimia Nervosa?

Purging BN (BNP) and Non-purging BN (BPnP).

Which is the most common form of inappropriate compensatory behavior in Bulimia Nervosa?

Self-induced vomiting.

Name three secondary symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa.

Depression, Mood swings, Suicidal tendencies.

Name three potential consequences of Bulimia Nervosa.

Potassium Depletion, Weakness, Cardiac Arrhythmia, Renal damage.

List the cycle of behavior associated with Bulimia Nervosa.

Binge-relief-purge-guilt/disgust.

Name three personality factors that can contribute to eating disorders.

Cognitive inflexibility, Neuroticism and impulsivity, Being rule driven and drive-for-order.

What has perfectionism been found to be in relation to eating disorders?

A risk and maintaining factor.

Are eating disorders often comorbid with mood disorders?

Yes.

What has low self esteem and life satisfaction been associated with in adolescents?

The development of AN.

What is considered to be the primary cause of eating disorders?

No single factor; a range of psychological, sociological, and biological processes.

What have researchers concluded about the risk factors involved in eating disorders?

Good idea of what risk factors are involved but little insight into how they are involved.

What have twin studies revealed about the development of eating disorders?

Monozygotic twins have higher concordance rates than dizygotic twins.

Which area of the brain has been linked to controlling eating?

The hypothalamus.

What neurotransmitter has been linked to eating disorders?

Serotonin.

What has the increased incidence of AN & BN over the last 20-30 years been connected to?

The portrayal of the ‘ideal’ female shape through the media in westernised societies.

What are some themes evident in disordered eating?

The pursuit of identity, power, self-esteem & respect.

Name three reasons why ED are very difficult to treat.

Sufferers deny they are underweight/have a problem/ill, Need medical as well as psychological treatment, Highly co-morbid with other psychological disorders.

What is the SCOFF questionnaire used for?

Designed to detect eating disorders and aid treatment.

Name three forms of treatment for eating disorders you might give a patient.

Bed rest, restoration of body weight, intravenous feeding, maintain body weight, drug therapy, psychotherapy, family therapy, Cognitive Behavioural therapy.

What type of drug is often used to treat both AN & BN?

Antidepressants.