(2nd) 3

backing material

is designed to absorb sound waves that propagate backward

absorb sound waves that propagate backward

backing material is designed to.

ringing and enhances image clarity

backing material absorption reduces

epoxy resin compounds

Acoustic impedance-matching materials like __ are commonly used.

housing

provides protection to internal components and serves as structural support for the transducer.

Durable and lightweight materials like plastics or metal alloys

housing Material

cable

connects the transducer to the ultrasound machine and transmits electrical signals back and forth.

connector

ensures a secure and accurate connection.

minimizes signal interference

A property shielded and connected cable _ contributing to accurate image formation

accurate image formation

A property shielded and connected cable minimizes signal interference, contributing to

ACOUSTIC LENS

Positioned at the front of the transducer directly above the piezoelectric crystals. acoustic lens focuses the emitted Acoustic matching layer ultrasound beam, improving

penetration depth

acoustic lens Function

acoustic insulator

is a material placed between different components of the transducer to prevent sound wave reflections and interference.

prevent sound wave reflections and interference

An ultrascund transducer acoustic insulator is a material placed between different components of the transducer to

Patient → Machine

Acoustic Lens → Matching Layer →

Piezoelectric Elements → Electrodes →

Backing Material → Cable → Connector

Patient →

coupling medium

usually an aqueous gel is applied to the skin before transducer contact. This eliminates the air layer and facilitates passage of sound in and out of the tissue

Matching Layers and coupling media

facilitate the passage of ultrasound across the transducer-skin boundary.

Acoustic Coupling Agent

Prevent air between the transducer and the skin of the patient

decrease reflection = increase transmission

Increase gel =

5-10

Acoustic Coupling Agent Ph

• Carbomer

• EDTA (Edetic Acid)

• Propylene glycol

• Trolamine

• Distilled water

ACOUSTIC COUPLING AGENT INGREDIENTS:

Carbomer

Thickening/gelling agent - gives the gel its proper viscosity so it stays on the skin

EDTA (Edetic Acid)

Chelating/stabilizing agent - binds metallions and helps maintain product stability

Propylene glycol

Kumectant/solvent - helps retain moisture and prevents the gel from drying too quickly

Trolamine

Neutralizing/pH-adjusting agent - helps neutralize carbomer and develop the gel's proper consistency

Distilled water

Main solvent/base - makes up much of the gel and provides the medium through which ultrascund can travel

• Eliminates air

• Improves acoustic coupling

• Improves image quality

• Allows the probe to move smoothly

Why is gel important?:

air gap → reflection → poor transmission

No gel →

air removed → better transmission

With gel →

LINEAR PROBES

the piezoelectric crystal arrangement is linear, the shape of the beam is rectangular, and the near-field resolution is good.

• Breast

• Thyroid

• Arteria carotis of vascular application

LINEAR PROBES USED IN:

• Wide foot print

• 3-4inches Frequency 2.5 - 12 MHz

• deep and superficial organs. (broadband linear transducer)

Linear Probes 2D IMAGING:

1. Vascular examination

2. Skin & soft tissue for abscess, foreign body

3. Musculoskeletal - tendons, bones, muscles

4. Eyes

5. Testicular

6. Appendicitis in thin patients

Linear probe 2d imaging uses:

• Wide foot print

• Frequency: 7.5 - 11 MHz

Linear Probes 3D IMAGING:

• Breast

• Thyroid

Linear probe 3d Imaging uses:

CURVILINEAR PROBE

Also called the curved transducer because the piezoelectric crystal arrangement is curvilinear.

curved transducer

CURVILINEAR PROBE Also called

abdominal examinations

CURVILINEAR PROBE can use it for

• USES LOWER FREQUENCY ULTRASOUND ALLOWING A DEEP PENETRATION, LOWER RESOLUTION

• Beam shape convex & wide foot print

• Frequencies 2.5 to 7.5 MHz

Curvilinear Probe 2D IMAGING:

• Wide field of view

• Frequency: 3.5 - 6.5 MHz

• used for Abdominal examinations

Curvilinear Probe 3D IMAGING:

• Smaller foot print

• Useful in neonatal and pediatrics application

Curvilinear Probe MICRO CONVEX:

• Cardiac uses

• Veterinary

• Neonatal and pediatric

Curvilinear Probe Uses:

• Cardiac examinations, Including Transesophageal examinations

• Abdominal examinations

• Brain examinations

What can you use the phased array transducer for?:

PHASED ARRAY

beam point is narrow but it expands depending on the applied frequency.

SECTOR PROBE

Produced a fan-like imago that is narrow as it leaves the transducer and increases with depth

phased-array

Named after the piezoelectric crystal arrangement which is called

• Small foot print

• Frequency: 2 - 7.5 MHz

SECTOR PROBE:

• cardiac imaging

• lungs

• pleura between ribs and small spaces

Phased Array Probe / SECTOR PROBE Uses:

Pencil probes

also called CW Doppler probes, are used to measure blood flow and the speed of sound in blood.

CW Doppler probes

Pencil probes, also called

2 MHz to 8 MHz

Pencil transducers have a small footprint and use low frequencies, typically ranging from

• endovaginal

• endorectal

• endocavity transducers

Endocavitary transducers include:

• Small foot print

• Used for internal examinations

• Often employed in cardiology

• Frequency 3 - 10 MHz

Transesophageal Probe: