Studied by 36 people
Categorical Grants
________- provided to states with specific provisions on their use (limits how states can spend their funding)
Tenth Amendment
________- Reserved powers not given to the national government, given to the states and people, this protects states authority.
Antifederalists
________- Opposed proposed constitution, wanted stronger state governments, mistrusted powerful elites and feared the constitution would trample people and states rights.
Federalism
________- Divided power between national and state governments, national government is more powerful than states.
Revenue
________ Sharing- Federal government apportions tax money to the states with no strings attached (ended because too costly)
Popular Sovereignty
________- Governments right to rule comes from the people.
national government
Unfunded Mandate- ________ requiring states to pay for programs without providing funds.
Selective Incorporation
________- Process through which the supreme court applies fundamental rights in the Bill of Rights to the states on a case by case basis (states cant make laws that take away citizens rights)
Privileges
________ and Immunities Clause- prevents states from discriminating against people out of state.
Extradition
________- Requirement that officials in one state return a defendant to another state where a crime was allegedly committed.
Faith
Full ________ and Credit Clause- Requires states to recognize the public acts, records, and civil court proceedings from another state.
Fourteenth Amendment
________- People born in the US are citizens and states cant deny citizenship or equal protection under the law.
Constitutional Convention
________- May 1787, delegates from 12 /13 states met in Philadelphia to amend the Articles.
Great Compromise
________- Bicameral legislature, lower house elected by the people with representation based on state population and upper house elected by state legislatures, two per state.
Republicanism
________- Authority of the government comes from the people.
Social Contract
________- People allow government to rule over them to ensure an orderly and functioning society.
New Jersey Plan
________- Unicameral legislature with each state allotted one vote.
widespread political participation
Participatory Democracy- Theory that ________ is essential for a democratic government and citizens can join groups outside of government control.
supreme law
Supremacy Clause- Constitution and federal laws are the ________ of the land.
Block Grants
________- Form of grant- in- aid that gives states more control over how to disperse federal funds.
Virginia Plan
________- Three branches of government with bicameral legislature, larger states had more representation in both houses, lower house elected by people and upper house elected by lower house.
Articles of Confederation
________- First form of American government, adopted in 1777.
Necessary
________ and Proper or Elastic Clause- Article 1, Section 8, granting congress necessary powers to carry out enumerated powers.
Shays Rebellion
________- Farmers uprising against the government of Massachusetts, led by Daniel Shays.
Pluralist Theory
________- Theory of democracy that emphasizes the roles of groups in policy making process which results in bargaining and compromise.
Natural Rights
________- Right to life, liberty, and property which the government cant take away.
Federalist
________ No 51- Written by Madison, he argued that people put their needs before the nation and the constitution prevents this from happening.
Federalism
________- The sharing of power between the national and state governments.
Federalist
________ No 10- Written by Madison, advocated for a large constitutional republic.
Federalists
________- Supporters of the proposed constitution with a strong national government.
Natural Rights
Right to life, liberty, and property which the government cant take away
Social Contract
People allow government to rule over them to ensure an orderly and functioning society
Popular Sovereignty
Governments right to rule comes from the people
Republicanism
Authority of the government comes from the people
Participatory Democracy
Theory that widespread political participation is essential for a democratic government and citizens can join groups outside of government control
Pluralist Theory
Theory of democracy that emphasizes the roles of groups in policy making process which results in bargaining and compromise
Elitist Theory
Theory of democracy that the elites have a disproportionate amount of influence in policy making decisions
Articles of Confederation
First form of American government, adopted in 1777
Shays Rebellion
Farmers uprising against the government of Massachusetts, led by Daniel Shays
Constitutional Convention
May 1787, delegates from 12/13 states met in Philadelphia to amend the Articles
Virginia Plan
Three branches of government with bicameral legislature, larger states had more representation in both houses, lower house elected by people and upper house elected by lower house
New Jersey Plan
Unicameral legislature with each state allotted one vote
Great Compromise
Bicameral legislature, lower house elected by the people with representation based on state population and upper house elected by state legislatures, two per state
Bicameral
Two houses
Three-Fifths Compromise
Slaves count as 3/5 of a person in calculating states representation
Compromise of Importation
Slave trade not restricted til 1808
Separation of Powers
Design of government that distributes powers across institutions to avoid making one branch too powerful
Expressed or Enumerated Powers
Authority specifically granted to a branch of government in the constitution
Necessary and Proper or Elastic Clause
Article 1, Section 8, granting congress necessary powers to carry out enumerated powers
Implied Powers
Authority of the federal government that goes beyond its expressed powers
Supremacy Clause
Constitution and all national treaties and laws shall be the supreme law of the land
Federalists
Supporters of the proposed constitution with a strong national government
Antifederalists
Opposed proposed constitution, wanted stronger state governments, mistrusted powerful elites and feared the constitution would trample people and states rights
Federalist No 51
Written by Madison, he argued that people put their needs before the nation and the constitution prevents this from happening
Faction
Group of self interested individuals who use government to get what they want, taking other peoples rights in the process
Federalist No 10
Written by Madison, advocated for a large constitutional republic
Brutus No 1
Antifederalist papers, argued that the country is too big to be governed as a republic and the constitution renders states useless
Federalism
The sharing of power between the national and state governments
Federalism
Divided power between national and state governments, national government is more powerful than states
Enumerated or Expressed Powers
Powers granted to the national government in the constitution (especially congress)
Exclusive Powers
Powers only the federal government may exercise
Implied Powers
not specifically granted to the federal government but implied to be granted
Commerce Clause
grants congress the power to regulate commerce between foreign countries, states and tribes
Necessary and Proper Clause
grants congress the power to legislate itself as it sees fit in order to carry out it's implied powers
Supremacy Clause
Constitution and federal laws are the supreme law of the land
Tenth Amendment
Reserved powers not given to the national government, given to the states and people, this protects states authority
Reserved Powers
Powers granted to the states (provide police and fire departments, conduct elections and establish local, town, county and regional government)
Concurrent Powers
Powers that the federal and state governments share (borrow money, regulate interstate commerce, create and operate court systems
Full Faith and Credit Clause
Requires states to recognize the public acts, records, and civil court proceedings from another state
Extradition
Requirement that officials in one state return a defendant to another state where a crime was allegedly committed
Fourteenth Amendment
People born in the US are citizens and states cant deny citizenship or equal protection under the law
Selective Incorporation
Process through which the supreme court applies fundamental rights in the Bill of Rights to the states on a case by case basis (states cant make laws that take away citizens rights)
Categorical Grants
provided to states with specific provisions on their use (limits how states can spend their funding)
Unfunded Mandate
national government requiring states to pay for programs without providing funds
Block Grants
Form of grant-in-aid that gives states more control over how to disperse federal funds
Revenue Sharing
Federal government apportions tax money to the states with no strings attached (ended because too costly)
Privileges and Immunities Clause
prevents states from discriminating against people out of state
Natural Rights
the right to life, liberty, and property, which government cannot take away
Social Contract
An agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed
Popular Sovereignty
Government's right to rule comes from the people
Republicanism
A form of government in which people elect representatives to create and enforce laws
Particapatory Democracy
a theory that widespread political participation is essential for democratic government
Pluralist Theory
The theory that many interest groups compete for power in a large number of policy areas resulting in bargain and compromise
Elitist Theory
the elites have a disproportionate amount of influence in the policymaking process
Articles of Confederation
First form of American government; intentionally weak central government.
Shay's Rebellion
Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787. It highlighted the need for a strong national government.
Constitutional Convention
Meeting in 1787 of the elected representatives of the thirteen original states to write the Constitution of the United States.
Virginia Plan
Three branches of government with bicameral legislature, larger states had more representation in both houses, lower house elected by people and upper house elected by lower house.
New Jersey Plan
unicameral legislature; each state given one vote
Great Compromise
Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house
Bicameral
Two house
Three-Fifths Compromise
Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes (negated by the 13th amendment)
Compromise on Importation
Congress could not restrict the slave trade until 1808
Separation of Powers
Design of government that distributes powers across institutions to avoid making one branch too powerful.
Expressed or Enumerated Powers
authority specifically granted to a branch of the government in the Constitution
Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)
Clause of the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) setting forth the implied powers of Congress. It states that Congress, in addition to its express powers, has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all powers the Constitution vests in the national government
Implied Powers
powers that a branch of government has that are not stated explicitly in the constitution
Supremacy Clause
Federal law is supreme over state law
Federalists
supporters of the Constitution; published federalist papers
Antifederalists
people who opposed the Constitution
Note 
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