What Is Human Geography?

Immanuel Kant

________ (1724- 1804) taught at the University of Königsberg and is best known for his work in logic and metaphysics.

Al Idrisi

________ wrote a book on world geography that corrected many of Ptolemys errors.

Khaldun

________ was a historian who wrote at length about the relations between humans and the environment.

Ibn Battuta

________ is described as one of the best- known travelers who journeys extensively in Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Bernhardus Vareniuss

In 1650, ________ (1622- 50) Geographia Generalis remained the standard geographic text for at least a century.

Alexandrian Ptolemy

________ summarized most mathematical traditions in his eight- volume Guide to Geography and produced a world map including a grid system that includes mapping procedures still used todayTHE FIFTH TO FIFTEENTH CENTURIES: GEOGRAPHY IN EUROPE, CHINA, AND THE ISLAMIC WORLD.

Hipparchus

________ devised a grid system of imaginary lines on the earths surface mapping longitude and latitude.

Sebastian Münster

________ (1488- 1552), a contemporary of Apian, produced Cosmography in 1544, the first major work following the initial burst of European expansion activities that included descriptions of the earths major regionsGEOGRAPHY RETHOUGHTVARENIUS.

Humboldt

________ and Ritter were the first geographers to pay full attention to concept formulation to the derivation of general statements from the detailed factual information available.

longitude

Establishing ________ at sea was not available until 1761 and was not used on a major voyage until Cooks second in 1772- 5MAPPING.

Greeks

The ________ were the first civilization to become geographically mobile and to establish colonies.

Strabo

________ summarized literary traditions as encyclopedic descriptions in Geographia.

1817

Die Erdkunde was only partially complete world geography comprising 19 volumes published between ________ and 1859 with topics ranging from interests such as moving from description alone to description and laws.

Islamic

Chinese and ________ geographies prior to the fifteenth century were roughly comparable to Greek geography.

Gerardus Mercator

________ (1512- 94) was undoubtedly the most influential of the new map- makers.

Mediterranean

Chang Chien discovered the ________ in 128 BCE.

Marco Polo

________ (1254- 1323) was a Venetian who visited China and wrote descriptions of the places he saw.

Aristotle

________ wrote about possible relationships between latitude, climate, and population density, and speculated about the ideal locations for cities and the conflicts between rich and poor groups.

Physische Geografie

In ________ (1802), Kant asserted that geography and history together comprise all knowledgeUNIVERSAL GEOGRAPHY 1800- 1874.

Abraham Ortelius

________ produced the first modern atlas in 1570 that ran into 41 editions by 1612GEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION.

Magellan

________ reached Asia by sailing west (1519- 22)

Latitude

________ was calculated by the angle of a suns shadow, but longitude was more difficult due to a lack of resources to measure time precisely.

Grid systems

________ were prominently in use during the Han Dynasty.

James Cook

________ made three voyages into the Pacific (1769- 80)

overseas movement

During the early phase of the European ________, science, in general, changed from being a practice controlled by the church to one concerned with the acquisition of knowledge.

Varenius

________ provided an explicit definition of geography as the study of the state of the earth, both h physical and human, and also emphasized the need for both detailed description (what he (Bernhardus Vareniuss) called special or particular geography) and generalizations (what he called general or universal geography.

Portolano maps

________ were the most practical and depicted a series of radiating lines to correspond to points of a compass.

Peter Apian

________ (1495- 1552) was a map marker and writer who in 1524 published a book that divided the earth into five zones (one torrid, two temperate, and two frigid) and provided notes on each continent and listed major towns.

Largescale topographic maps

________, showing small areas in considerable detail, became possible with the development of exact survey techniques in eighteenth- century France.

second century BCE

In the ________, Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the Earth.

Greek European Culture

________- viewed the individual as apart from nature.

Map making

________ was considered so important that governments began to assume responsibility for the task and in England, the Ordnance Survey was founded in 1791.

ancient Greek maps

The ________ were drawn by scholars with expertise in astronomy, geometry, and mathematics.

Alexander von Humboldt

________ and Carl Ritter were two German scholars who dominated geography in the first half of the nineteenth century.

religion of Islam

The ________ was founded in the seventh century CE by the prophet Muhammad /At the same time, Eurp [e was immersed om the Darl Ages.

Exploration

________ is not geography but it furnished new facts and provided the basis for new maps, books, and descriptive geographies.

Chinese map makers

The first ________ were civil servants who drew and revised maps in the service of the state.

Medieval maps

________ used a mixture of fantasy and dogma.

Chinese maps

________ were symbolic statements, asserting the states ownership of some territory.