Sport and Exercise Psychology

Lecture 2

Personality

the characteristics or blend of characteristics that make a person unique

psychological core

most basic and deepest attitude, values, interests, motives, and self worth of a person

typical responses

the way one typically adjusts or responds to the environment

Role Related Behavior

How one acts on a particular social situation

Psychodynamic Approach

Behavior is determined by several unconscious, constantly changing factors that can often conflict with one another

Trait Approach

Behavior is determined by relatively stable traits that are fundamental units of personality

Big 5 Personalities

Neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness

Situational Approach

Behavior is determined by the situation and the environment

Interactional Approach

Behavior is determined by both the person and the situational factors, as well as their interactions

Phenomenological Approach

Behavior is best determined by accounting for situational and personal characteristics

Integrated/biopsychosocial Approach

To understand personality, a “whole person” perspective is required. One needs to consider the dynamic interaction of biological factors, dispositional traits, adaptations one makes to situations, and self defined life stories that are all situated in one’s social context or culture.

Traits

Typical style of behavior

State

The situations effect on behavior- a right now feeling that can change from moment to moment

Motivation

The direction and intensity of effort

Direction of effort

Whether an individual seeks out, approaches, or is attracted to situations

Intensity of effort

How much effort an individual puts forth in a situation

Trait centered view of motivation

A function of individual characteristics, such as personality, needs, goals of the individual

Situation-centered view of motivation

Determined primarily by the situation

Interactional view of motivation

An interaction view between participant trait factors and situational factors.

Neuroticism

A long term tendency to experience negative emotions like anxiety, fear, moodiness, and sadness

Conscientiousness

Tendency to show self discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement

Extroversion

Energy stimulation from the outside world and social interaction

Openness to Experience

Appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, and new ideas

Agreeableness

General concern for social harmony and cooperation with others

Need Achievement theory

how individual motivation and behavior are driven by learned psychological needs—specifically achievement, power, and affiliation

Self determination theory

People are motivated to satisfy 3 general needs of competence, autonomy, and social connections or belonging.

Achievement motivation

A persons orientation to strive to success, persist in the face of failure and experience pride in accomplishments

Competitiveness

a disposition to strive for satisfaction when making accomplishments with some standard of excellence in the presence of evaluation others

Attribution theory

psychological framework that seeks to explain how individuals make sense of their successes and failures by attributing them to various factors, namely ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck.

Achievement/goal theory

Ego orientation/task orientation

Competence motivation theory

Motivation to feel worthy or competent