Systems Path Section 6 - Pulmonary infections

alveolar inflammation from infection causing fever and lung consolidation

pneumonia

what type of acute bacterial pneumonia affects multiple lobes?

bronchopneumonia

90% of lobar pneumonia is from what?

strep. pneumoniae

what type of pneumonia affects a single lobe, has homogenous consolidation and an abrupt line of radiopacity?

lobar pneumonia

acute lung infection from strep pneumonia, commonly follows a viral URTI, causing productive cough, fever and dyspnea

community-acquired acute pneumonia (able to be seen on X-ray)

how does community-acquired acute pneumonia develop?

local inflammation -> consolidation

risks factors associated with developing community-acquired acute pneumonia

diabetes, CHF, COPD, immunosuppression, reduced splenic function

a lobar pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila which causes dyspnea, fever and aches

legionnaire disease

pathology caused by legionella pneumophila causing a mild URTI

pontiac fever

"self limited" acute lung infection from common cold virus/mycoplasma pneumonia ; causes non-productive cough and mild dyspnea

community-acquired atypical pneumonia

how does community-acquired atypical pneumonia develop?

local inflammation of alveolar septa ( no consolidation on X-ray)

what is different about community-acquired atypical pneumonia?

edema is confined to alveolar septa

community-acquired atypical pneumonia causative agent

mycoplasma pneumoniae

what type of pneumonia is caused by staph aureus (MC) or E.coli and acquired after being in a hospital setting for 48+ hours?

hospital-acquired (nosocomial)

Symptoms of hospital acquired pneumonia

productive cough, dyspnea, fever

how does hospital acquired pneumonia develop?

local inflammation = consolidation (able to be seen on xray)

pneumonia caused by inhalation of foreign material such as gastric contents

aspiration pneumonia

aspiration pneumonie causative agents

strep pneumoniae, staph aureus, H. influenze

areas of suppurative necrosis due to bacterial infection causing foul/purulent septum, cavitation (right-side), fever, cough, etc.

lung abscess

causes of a lung abscess

aspiration, bronchial obstruction, hematogenous spread

chronic infection of mycobacterium tuberculosis which is the MC cause of infectious disease worldwide

tuberculosis

What type of tuberculosis simply means infected, not symptomatic or contagious?

primary

what type of tuberculosis is symptomatic with hemoptysis, productive cough, fever and malaise and the infection is no longer dormant

secondary

what is TB diagnosed by?

tuberculin test

how does primary TB develop?

sensitization and walling off in granulomas

how does secondary TB develop?

re-emergence of T-cell hypersensitivity resulting in destructive cavitations

How is TB transmitted?

respiratory droplets

who is most likely to get TB?

80% in endemic areas of Africa and Asia

subpleural caseous granulomas

ghon focus

sub pleural and lymph node regions have granulomas (tuberculoma)

ghon complex

calcification and fibrosis of hisar nodes

ranke complex

systemic tuberculosis infection caused by pulmonary lymphatic and hematogenous spread

military tuberculosis

who can develop military TB?

anyone with secondary TB

MC form of extrapulmonary TB

lymphadenitis

TB in the spine

Pott's disease

what poses as a risk for developing pneumonia?

immunosuppression (AIDS, transplant recipients, elderly, radiation)

opportunistic viral pathogen causing fever and respiratory infection

cytomegalovirus (HHV-5)

hallmark of CMV

owl's eye appearance

opportunistic fungal affection associated with AIDS, transplant patients, malnourished infants

pneumocystis pneumonia

pneumocystis pneumonia causative agent

Pneumocystis jiroveci

hallmark of pneumocystis pneumonia

cup-shaped cyst

opportunistic fungal infection of normal flora - oral, GI, GU

candidiasis

hallmark of candidiasis

pseudohyphae (budding yeasts)