the failure to compromise

1640

When was the Long parliament called?

Pym's Junto

Who was Charles' opposition at this point?

Removed the kings "evil counsellors". Arrested Laud and Wentworth in November 1640

What did Pym's Junto do against Charles?

Stated Charles had to call a parliament every 3 years

What was the Triennial Act of 1641?

Stafford

Who is put on trial in April 1641?

Abolition of Ship money and Prerogative Courts

What does Pym push for in June 1641?

Prepositions made by the opposition to be considered by Charles. More parliamentary power and right to approve kings advisers

What were the Ten propositions?

1641

When was the Irish Rebellion?

Irish Catholics land in England. 200,000 deaths

What was the Irish Rebellion?

Pym is planning to impeach the Queen

What is rumoured in January 1642?

Pym backed by an army of 300 soldiers

Charles orders arrest of Pym. Why does this fail?

Kings raises his army in Nottingham. War now declared

How is war between parliament and King declared in August 1642?

King winning. But royalists had advantage at Battle of Edgehill

What was the first stage of the Civil war 1642?

Pym establishes the excise tax to maintain parliamentary forces

What was the second stage of the Civil war?

Pym persuades Commons to sign a covenant with Scottish forces

How does parliament take the lead?

1645. Failed peace talks in Uxbridge 1645 after Earl of Essex (parliament leader) performs badly

When was the New Model Army created and why?

New model army created. Fairfax and Cromwell good soldiers. Battle of Naseby 1645 secured parliament victory.

How was parliament victorious in the first civil war?

Thomas Fairfax

Who led the New Model Army?

April 1646. Due to parliament signing Covenant with the Scots

When does Charles surrender to the Scots and why?

Wanted to secure future of their Presbyterian church.

Why did the Scots enter the Civil war?

Parliament wouldn't give Socts their desired religious settlements

Why did Scots give up holding Charles in Newcastle?

Political Presbyterians

Which political group dominated parliament by 1646?

Parliament would nominate officers to state. Parliament would control militia for 20 years. Bishops to be abolished and presbyterian church to be created for an experimental 3 years

What were the Newcastle prepositions?

New Model Army

Who supported the newly emerged radical levellers?

Army becoming an opposition to parliament

What does parliament disbanding the army without pay lead to?

June 1647. Henry Breton

When is "Representation of the Army" written and who by?

Expulsion of 11 Presbyterian MPs. Religious toleration. Fresh elections

What does "Representation of the Army" state?

A fair settlement

What did the army leaders want from the King?

2nd August 1647. Henry Ireton. To compromise with the King

When is the "Heads of Proposals written", who by and why?

Bishops to remain part of church. Parliament control militia for 10 years. Parliament nominate officers for 10 years. Triennial Act to be repealed and replaced with Biennial parliaments

What did the "Heads of Proposals" state?

Thomas Rainsborough

Who was the spokesman for the Levellers?

Religious freedom and annual parliaments

What did Rainsborough want?

Escapes from Hampton Court- army retaliates.

How did Charles break down relations in parliament?

Radical levellers against the army. Charles' secret agreement with the Scots. Scots against parliament

What are the causes of the Second Civil War?

26th December 1647

When does Charles sign the agreement with the Scots to establish a Presbyterian Church in England for 3 years in return for their military assistance?

April 1648

When do the Scots enter the Second Civil War?

Charles refuses to abolish Bishops for more than 3 years

What confirms parliaments pondering on whether to end negotiations with Charles?

A remonstrance stating that Charles should be brought to justice

What is presented by Henry Ireton on 20th November 1648?

That he had provoked the Second Civil War and had betrayed his people.

What did Cromwell believe about the King at this point?

Commons surrounded by soldiers from regiment of Colonel Thomas Pride (Pride's purge).

What happens on 5th December 1648?

Pride excludes the 186 MPs who want further negotiations with Charles and arrested 45 MPs who had been active in making new agreements with the King

What happens in Pride's purge?

A rump house of 240 MPs

What is parliament left with after Pride's purge?

A High Court of Justice

What is created to try Charles?

27th January 1649

When is Charles found guilty?

30th January 1649

When is Charles executed?