Ecology

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Carbon Cycle

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Advanced Biology

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1

Carbon Cycle

An example of a biogeochemical cycle. Carbon exchange in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide enters plants through photosynthesis and is converted to glucose. Carbon then moves through food chains.

<p>An example of a biogeochemical cycle. Carbon exchange in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide enters plants through photosynthesis and is converted to glucose. Carbon then moves through food chains.</p>
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2

Water Cycle

An example of a biogeochemical cycle. -Plants take in water through their roots. It can transpire (evaporation) and reenter the atmosphere. -Animals drink water and eat plants. They then respire and excrete water back into the biosphere. -Decomposition of dead organisms also returns water to the biosphere.

<p>An example of a biogeochemical cycle. -Plants take in water through their roots. It can transpire (evaporation) and reenter the atmosphere. -Animals drink water and eat plants. They then respire and excrete water back into the biosphere. -Decomposition of dead organisms also returns water to the biosphere.</p>
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3

Nitrogen Cycle

An example of a biogeochemical cycle. -Nitrogen is used to build proteins in all organisms. -N2 (atmospheric nitrogen) cannot be used by organisms. -Lightning and nitrogen-fixing bacteria can bond nitrogen to oxygen or hydrogen to make usable nitrogen compounds. Synthetic fertilizers can also be added to the soil. -Plants absorb these compounds from the soil. Usable nitrogen then moves through food chains. -Decomposition and excretion return nitrogen to the soil.

<p>An example of a biogeochemical cycle. -Nitrogen is used to build proteins in all organisms. -N2 (atmospheric nitrogen) cannot be used by organisms. -Lightning and nitrogen-fixing bacteria can bond nitrogen to oxygen or hydrogen to make usable nitrogen compounds. Synthetic fertilizers can also be added to the soil. -Plants absorb these compounds from the soil. Usable nitrogen then moves through food chains. -Decomposition and excretion return nitrogen to the soil.</p>
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4

Phosphorus Cycle

An example of a biogeochemical cycle.

  • Does not exist in a gaseous form.

  • Phosphorus is tied up in rock, sediment, and water. Plants take in phosphates that are dissolved in water. Phosphorus then moves through food chains.

  • Decomposition and excretion return phosphorus to the soil.

<p>An example of a biogeochemical cycle.</p><ul><li><p>Does not exist in a gaseous form.</p></li><li><p>Phosphorus is tied up in rock, sediment, and water. Plants take in phosphates that are dissolved in water. Phosphorus then moves through food chains.</p></li><li><p>Decomposition and excretion return phosphorus to the soil.</p></li></ul>
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5

Abiotic Factors

A non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment.

<p>A non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment.</p>
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6

Biotic Factors

A living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment.

<p>A living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment.</p>
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7

Food Chains

The food chain is a linear sequence of organisms where nutrients and energy is transferred from one organism to the other. Shows what organism eats what.

<p>The food chain is a linear sequence of organisms where nutrients and energy is transferred from one organism to the other. Shows what organism eats what.</p>
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8

Food Webs

A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community.

<p>A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community.</p>
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9

Ecology

The scientific study of how organisms interact with one another and their environment.

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10

Levels of Organization

Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome, and Biosphere.

<p>Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome, and Biosphere.</p>
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Producer

Photosynthesizing organisms (takes sunlight and makes it into sugars for consumers to eat)

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Consumer

Organisms that can't make its own food (feeds on producers or other consumers)

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13

Predator

An animal that hunts, kills, and eats other animals (prey)

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Prey

What the predator hunts, kills, and eats.

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15

Decomposer

Organisms that break down dead, organic material.

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Scavenger

Something that consumes decaying biomass (like vultures)

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Detritivore

An animal which feeds on dead organic material, especially plant detritus.

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Saprotroph

An organism that feeds on or derives nourishment from decaying organic matter.

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Autotroph

An organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.

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20

Heterotroph

An organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.

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21

Symbiosis

Any association or relatioship between two species populations that live together and interact closely.

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22

Mutualism

A type of symbiotic relationship where all species involved benefit from their interactions.

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23

Parasitism

Nonmutual relationship between two organisms in which one benefits at the expense of the other.

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24

Commensalism

A relationship between individuals of two species in which one species obtains food or other benefits from the other without either harming or benefiting the latter.

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25

Ecological Pyramids

There are 3: Energy Number Biomass

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26

Habitat

An environment where an organism lives throughout the year or for shorter periods of time to find a mate (such as freshwater, forest, cave, etc)

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Niche

The role an organism plays in a community -- two different kinds of organisms can't have the same role

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Pioneer Species

The species that first colonize new habitats (Primary Sucsession)

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Climax Community

The final stage of sucsession where a community finally becomes stable

<p>The final stage of sucsession where a community finally becomes stable</p>
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2 Kinds of Sucsession?

Primary - New soil introduced Secondary - Already soil present

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31

Scientific Method (In Order)

Problem Collecting Information Hypothesis Expirement Collecting Data Conclusion

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Independent Variable

The change

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Dependent Variable

The thing that is measured

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34

Control Group

The normal

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35

Constant

Used to compare.

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36

Problem Form

The Effect of the_____IV_____on the_____DV_____

<p>The Effect of the_____IV_____on the_____DV_____</p>
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37

Hypothesis Form

If the (IV) is (describe how it changes) Then the (DV) will (predict increase/decrease)

<p>If the <u><em>(IV)</em></u>  is <u><em>(describe how it changes)</em></u> Then the <u><em>(DV)</em></u> will <u><em>(predict increase/decrease)</em></u></p>
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