drama narrative programme

stamitz op3 no2

• Dramatic opening of 1st movement typical of Mannheim style with three opening tonic chords in rhythmic unison - Mannheim hammerstrike

• Followed by a sudden drop to piano making the beginning of a gradual crescendo partially achieved by adding instruments to the texture - Mannheim crescendo

• A rising melodic idea over a pedal - Mannheim roller

cpe bach e minor

• "Storm and Stress" (Sturm und Drang) created by minor key and stormy aggressive string writing

• C.P.E. Bach was a key figure in the Empfindsamer Stil (Sensitive Style), emphasizing sudden contrasts, expressive melodies, and dramatic silences

• Programmatic in sense of emotional volatility

• Movements to be played ‘attacca’ ( no break between pieces

mozart 40

stormy feel- e.g last movmement fugue

G minor was often associated with darkness, intensity, and pathos in the Classical period.

The first movement (Molto allegro) features a nervous, syncopated accompaniment beneath the opening theme, creating a sense of unsettled motion, like wind stirring or danger looming.

Mozart uses chromaticism, diminished chords, and modulations to unexpected keys to evoke a sense of instability and drama.

Haydn farewell no45

 Sturm Und Drang

- Programmatic: written in protest to Prince Esterhazy of Hungary, who kept his court musicians away from their families too long - Haydn, rather than approaching the prince directly, decided to implicitly / diplomatically write a symphony in response

- Last movement is in F# major, and concludes with the court musicians dropping out one by one, to eventually leave the first violin (Haydn himself) playing a solo line

Carl Dittersdorf: The '6 Ovid Symphonies; Metamorphoses'

- Symphony one: military fanfares

- Symphony three: French horns depict a hunting chase in the woods, whilst meandering flute lines depict murmuring streams in the forest

- Symphony six: croaking frogs

Haydn 104 - london

Folk inspired movement 4 features

Oj jelena folk melody

 composed during his two tours of London

Beethoven No.5:

• This is the original tragedy to triumph symphony

• Journey from c minor to c major cadences at the end

• No narrative assigned to work but c major vanquishes c minor of previous movement - story of triumph

• Fate motif- represents fate knocking on door

Beethoven No.6:(1808)

• ‘The awakening of happy feelings upon arriving in the country’ - programmatic

• ‘scene by the brook’

• Strings start with a motif imitation flowing water

• Towards the end, wind instruments imitate bird calls, flute - nightingale, clarinet - cuckoo, oboe - quail

•  movement called ‘Peasant Merrymaking’

• More influenced by ristic peasant dances, contrasting the refined courtly minuet

Mendelssohn 4

 -Italian countryside and place

- Programmatic in nature; inspired by visits to Italy because Mendelssohn came from an affluent family, the bastard

- Movement 2: influenced by a religious procession

- Movement 4: Saltarello & Tarantella dance themes

Berlioz Symphonie Fantastique:

-Programmatic in nature: tells the tale of an unrequited love, fuelled by a opium-induced descent into hell

- 5 Movements & Huge romantic orchestra; over 90 players including 2 harps and 4 timpani

- Only conventional thing is that Movement I follows sonata form

- Utilises an Idee Fixe; a recurring theme portraying Harriet (the love interest)

- Movement IV: 'March to the Scaffold', the idee fixe is cut off with a fortissimo tutti chord, as the protagonist's head is cut off. There is a series of consequent pizzicato strings which are to emulate the decapitated head falling into a basket

-Each movement has a title

-E.g. Un Bal second movement with waltz metre to reflect meeting at a ball

-waltz in 3/8 in which the artist sees his beloved

-sonata form demonstrate use of second movement in new way in Romantic period