Britain 1964-1970

The swinging sixties

1966

in which general election was wilson able to increase labour’s majority

yorkshire

as well as appearing modern, having a relaxed political style, being state educated and smoking a pipe, what accent did wilson have which made him a hit with voters

personal political secretary

wilson was accused of relying on his ‘kitchen cabinet’, and his government was dominated by the personality of marcia williams, what role was she given

£800 million

labour inherited a deficit of what value in 1964

1949

wilson’s chancellor callaghan did not want to devalue the pound because it had been done before by a previous labour government in what year

george brown

who led the dea set up by wilson and responsible for growth targets, ‘economic planning councils’ and est voluntary price and wage limits with tu leaders to avoid devaluation

tapping his phone

brown was accused of being impulsive, however the treasury and civil service were very uncooperative and were even accused of what

1967

in what year was the dea abolished following brown’s move to the ministry of foreign affairs

prices and incomes board

who supervised the government’s prices and incomes policy aimed at tackling inflation which led to cousins’ resignation from the cabinet

national union of seamen

a strike by which union led to a sterling crisis in 1966

1967

when was the national dock strike following war in the middle east which affected oil supplies

14

by what percentage did labour devalue the pound in 1967 to 2.4 dollars

1967

rejection of britain’s second application to join the eec in which year made british economic policy look futile and undermined the government

jenkins

who was callaghan’s replacement as chancellor from 1967-70 who had been in favour of devaluation

deflationary

what type of fiscal policy did jenkins use as chancellor

1969

in what year had labour achieved a balance of payments surplus

12

what was the rate of inflation in 1970

minister of technology

what role did wilson give the trade unionist frank cousins in his cabinet to show his adherence to the pwc

wildcat strikes

what type of strikes were a particular problem for labour as they showed old style union bosses were losing control

a fair deal at work

what was the name of heath’s alternative industrial relations policy

in place of strife

white paper drawn up by wilson’s employment minister barbara castle in 1969 called for a 28-day cooling off period before strikes, ballots and an industrial relations court to enforce this

50

as well as opposition to in place of strife by leader of the tgwu jack jones and callaghan, how many labour mps were ready to rebel forcing the gov to negotiate face-saving compromise with tuc in 1969

minister of aviation

a common theme of wilson appointments, what role given to jenkins did he not understand due to his non-scientific mind (improved under benn from 1966 like the development of concorde with france)

yes

was wilson anxious about avoiding rivalries within his cabinet and a leadership challenge from brown, jenkins or callaghan

nationalists

which group support a united ireland

protestant unionists

what group dominated the ni parliament and policy in stormont

ruc

what police force in ni were biased against catholics, as well as the discrimination they faced in housing, employment and elections

1968

when were catholic civil rights marches in ni attacked by protestant loyalists

1969

in what year was the loyalist apprentice boys march attacked by catholic nationalists as it passed through the catholic area of the bogside in derry leading to 2 days of rioting in which the ruc attacked catholics and wilson sent in the british army

no

despite wilson’s skilled campaigning, heath’s image as hard working and competent meant the election defeat in 1970 did not come as a surprise

1968

in what year did heath sack powell from the shadow cabinet after making his rivers of blood speech

43

how many more seats than labour did the tories win in the 1970 general election

jenkins

who was wilson’s reforming home sec who allowed more time for pmbs to reflect changes in society

free votes

despite wilson’s own social conservatism and the general scepticism of working class backbenchers, votes on reforming legislation were what

ruth ellis

the hanging of whom in 1955 bolstered the anti-capital punishment campaign

sydney silverman

the name of the labour backbencher who introduced the pmb to abolish hanging in 1955 for a trial period of 5 years until its total abolition in 1969

1967

when did the beating of prisoners stop after home sec jenkins refused to authorise it

majority

what did jenkins introduce to juries to prevent dangerous criminals being allowed free, but it did not reduce the number of murders or violent crimes

divorce reform act

what was passed in 1969 allowing for a no fault divorce following separation for 2 years and both partners’ consent, or separation for 5 years and one partner’s consent

10

following the divorce reform act, how many marriages out of 1000 resulted in divorce

thalidomide disaster

what event in the early sixties increased support for the legalisation of abortion

82

how many women had died due to backstreet abortions in 2 years due to the 200,000 illegal abortions a year

david steel

which liberal mp introduced the abortion act 1967 which allowed for termination up to 28 weeks with the written consent of 2 doctors

1966

when was the society for the protection of the unborn child est

17\.6

by the 1970s the number of abortions for every 100 live births increased from 4 to what

leo abse

which labour backbencher introduced the 1967 sexual offences act given more parlt time to pass which decriminalised gay sex in private over 21

leas

who was responsible for the creation of comp schools which educated 1/3 pupils in 1145 schools by 1970

tony crosland

which education minister issued the circular 10/65 to all leas requesting them to convert to comp schools for which more funds were allocated for new buildings

direct grant schools

as well as independent schools being allowed to continue, what other type of school favoured by middle class parents undermined the comp system

polytechnics

what institutions did labour create to increase provision for science and applied education of which there were 30 by 1968

unis founded under labour

what do these places have in common: east anglia, warwick and bath

uni of the open air

what 1963 experiment was the predecessor to thee open uni which combined the white heat of tech with equal educational opportunites

jennie lee

which labour mp oversaw the est of the open uni in milton keynes in 1969, beginning its first intake in 1971 and eventually awarding more degrees than oxbridge

91

by the 1970s what percentage of houses had a tv

hugh greene

who was the liberal director general of the bbc who revised guidelines on nudity and swearing in programmes and began new styles of presentation

bbc 2

what channel which was the first to show colour programmes was launched in 1964 allowing bbc 1 to show more populist tv shows

transistor radios

as well as cheap headphones and car radios, what ensured the survival of radio as a music format in the 1960s

1967

in what year were pirate stations such as radio caroline banned in favour of the pop station bbc radio 1 in 1967

the sun

which influential newspaper began in 1964 which replaced the working class newspaper the daily herald and was bought by rupert murdoch in 1969

23

by 1969 tv accounted for what percentage of leisure time, other popular hobbies included diy and gardening

77

by the 1970s, car travel accounted for what percentage of journeys

shopping

as well as golf and caravanning, what else grew in popularity as a leisure activity

britannia airways

what was founded in 1964 to serve holidaymakers travelling to countries like spain and malta

7 million

of the 41 million holidays by the 1970s, how many were foreign holidays (a growing number after the start of package holidays in the 1960s which accounted for 8% of all holidays)

post office tower

what building to improve telecoms opened in 1965 was the tallest in britain

early morning

what play was banned in 1967 prompting george strauss to introduce a bill to abolish theatrical censorship which passed into law in 1968 after testimony from laurence olivier

30 seconds

to celebrate the abolition of theatrical censorship in 1968, how long did the cast of the musical hair stand naked on stage for

british board of film censors

who was responsible for the categorisation of films like alfie 1966

second wave feminism

what arrived in britain in the 1960s that argued women were unfulfilled in their domestic lives

28

what percentage of higher education students were women by 1970

5

what percentage of women were in managerial posts by 1970

the rich

who were childminders and nurseries available for allowing some women to work and raise families

1967

in what year was the family planning act which allowed local authorities to provide contraceptives and contraceptive advice

8\.2

the percentage of illegitimate births rose to what by 1970

womens lib

what groups est all over the uk campaigned for women’s rights inspired by articles and texts like the female eunuch by germaine greer 1970

1969

when was the women’s national co-ordination committee est uniting feminist groups across the uk

equal pay

what did the national women’s liberation conference demand in 1970 as well as equal ed and job opportunities, free 24/7 childcare and free contraception and abortion upon request

matrimonial property act

which act in 1970 recognised the paid/unpaid work of women in divorce settlements

5

how many years did it take for the 1970 equal pay act to come into force

the pope, the pill and the people

what essay written by a catholic mp in 1968 criticised contraception

NVLA

what was set up in 1965 and had 100,000 members campaigning against new moral standards

cannabis

despite the recommendations of the wootton report, what did the 1967 dangerous drugs act criminalise possession of with a max sentence of 14 years

no

young people used more illegal drugs than caffeine, alcohol and tobacco, and spent more time in clubs than listening to music at home

carbanby street

what was briefly the fashion capital of the world, when new styles allowed women to wear trousers and men to wear varied fabrics and colours

1964

what year did the show top of the pops start which spread new fashions, dance and attitudes

skinheads

which youth subculture had shaved heads and wore dms

flower power

what movement had a great influence on hippies and the beatles with their environmentalism and free love

vietnam solidarity campaign

following anti-war talks at lse and oxford uni, what was set up in 1966

200

how many people were arrested in the anti-war protest the battle of grosvenor square

2

how many conservative mps were attacked by anti war protestors

denis healey

which defence sec nearly had their car turned over by anti-war cambridge students

1965

a survey in what year found that 1/5 people objected to working with BAME people, 1/2 would refuse to live next door and 9/10 disapproved of mixed marriages

race relations act

which 1965 act forbade discrimination on the grounds of colour in public and set up the race relations board to deal with complaints

kenya

in influx of immigrants from which country prompted the passing of the commonwealth immigration act 1968 limiting the tight of return of non-white commonwealth citizens to the uk

1968

what year was powell’s rivers of blood speech condemned by the liberal establishment but supported by 75% of the population and led to docker and meat porter strikes

in private

where did the subsequent 1968 race relations act ban discrimination on the grounds of race, although the race relations board only upheld 10% of complaints and those against the police were excluded

1964

when did the notting hill carnival become an annual event from promoting multiculturalism

ska

as well as shops, restaurants and fashion, what genre of music did immigration bring with it to the uk

yes

did the public still view britain as a world power and resent its loss of empire

yes

was wilson pro-american, believing that the us had an important role in defending europe in the cold war