Cloud DevOps Engineer - Networking & Linux Overview

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary related to networking, Linux commands, and the fundamentals of DevOps based on the lecture materials.

OSI Model

A framework consisting of 7 layers used to understand network communications and diagnose issues.

TCP/IP Model

A 4-layer model that is the foundational framework of the Internet, detailed in RFC 1122.

Hybrid Model

A practical combination of physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers, commonly used by engineers.

Encapsulation

The process where each layer adds its own header to the original data, creating a PDU.

Application Layer (Layers 5-7)

This layer interacts with end users and handles data types like HTTP, DNS, and DHCP.

Transport Layer (Layer 4)

Responsible for reliable data delivery (TCP) or faster delivery (UDP), through segmentation.

Network Layer (Layer 3)

Manages IP addresses (IPv4 and IPv6) and routing packets through the network.

Data Link Layer (Layer 2)

Uses MAC addresses to identify network devices and formats frames for transmission.

Physical Layer (Layer 1)

Involves the actual data transmission through physical signals, like electric pulses and light.

VLANs

Virtual Local Area Networks, used for network segmentation and increased security.

EtherType

A field in the Ethernet header that indicates which Layer 3 protocol follows.

Subnetting

The process of dividing a large network into smaller, manageable sub-networks.

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)

A method for allocating IP addresses and IP routing that allows for variable length subnet masking.

Network Address

The first address in a subnet that identifies the network itself.

Broadcast Address

The last address in a subnet used to communicate with all devices on that subnet.

Default Gateway

The IP address of the router that serves as an exit point from a network to other networks.

NIC (Network Interface Card)

The hardware that connects a computer to a network and converts data into signals.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

A transport-layer protocol that ensures reliable communication between devices.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

A transport-layer protocol that provides faster, connectionless communication.

Wireshark

A network protocol analyzer tool used for capturing and inspecting network traffic in real time.

IP Configuration

The process of assigning an IP address, subnet mask, and gateway to network devices.

Permission Management (chmod)

A Linux command used to change file system permissions required for file access.

ss (Socket Statistics)

A command in Linux to investigate network connections and open ports.

pwd (Print Working Directory)

A command that displays the current directory path in the terminal.

ls -la

A command that lists all files including hidden files with detailed information.

ping

A command used to test connectivity between network devices.

sudo

A command allowing a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user.

apt

The package manager for installing, upgrading, and managing software on Ubuntu.

OSI Model

A framework consisting of 7 layers used to understand network communications and diagnose issues.

TCP/IP Model

A 4-layer model that is the foundational framework of the Internet, detailed in RFC 1122.

Hybrid Model

A practical combination of physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers, commonly used by engineers.

Encapsulation

The process where each layer adds its own header to the original data, creating a PDU.

Application Layer (Layers 5-7)

This layer interacts with end users and handles data types like HTTP, DNS, and DHCP.

Transport Layer (Layer 4)

Responsible for reliable data delivery (TCP) or faster delivery (UDP), through segmentation.

Network Layer (Layer 3)

Manages IP addresses (IPv4 and IPv6) and routing packets through the network.

Data Link Layer (Layer 2)

Uses MAC addresses to identify network devices and formats frames for transmission.

Physical Layer (Layer 1)

Involves the actual data transmission through physical signals, like electric pulses and light.

VLANs

Virtual Local Area Networks, used for network segmentation and increased security.

EtherType

A field in the Ethernet header that indicates which Layer 3 protocol follows.

Subnetting

The process of dividing a large network into smaller, manageable sub-networks.

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)

A method for allocating IP addresses and IP routing that allows for variable length subnet masking.

Network Address

The first address in a subnet that identifies the network itself.

Broadcast Address

The last address in a subnet used to communicate with all devices on that subnet.

Default Gateway

The IP address of the router that serves as an exit point from a network to other networks.

NIC (Network Interface Card)

The hardware that connects a computer to a network and converts data into signals.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

A transport-layer protocol that ensures reliable communication between devices.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

A transport-layer protocol that provides faster, connectionless communication.

Wireshark

A network protocol analyzer tool used for capturing and inspecting network traffic in real time.

IP Configuration

The process of assigning an IP address, subnet mask, and gateway to network devices.

Permission Management (chmod)

A Linux command used to change file system permissions required for file access.

ss (Socket Statistics)

A command in Linux to investigate network connections and open ports.

pwd (Print Working Directory)

A command that displays the current directory path in the terminal.

ls -la

A command that lists all files including hidden files with detailed information.

ping

A command used to test connectivity between network devices.

sudo

A command allowing a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user.

apt

The package manager for installing, upgrading, and managing software on Ubuntu.

DNS (Domain Name System)

The hierarchical system that resolves human-readable domain names into numerical IP addresses.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

A network protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses and other communication parameters to devices.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

A protocol used to map an Internet Protocol address (IP) to a localized physical hardware address (MAC).

Segment

The Protocol Data Unit (PDU) terminology used when data is at the Transport Layer (Layer 4).

Packet

The Protocol Data Unit (PDU) terminology used when data is at the Network Layer (Layer 3).

Frame

The Protocol Data Unit (PDU) terminology used when data is at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2).

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)

A supporting protocol in the Internet protocol suite used by network devices to send error messages and operational information.

ip addr

A standard Linux utility used to display and configure addresses and properties of network interfaces.

Well-Known Ports

The range of port numbers from 0 to 1023 that are reserved for specific system processes and applications.

TCP 3-way Handshake

The process used to establish a connection between a client and server: SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK.

OSI Model

A framework consisting of 7 layers used to understand network communications and diagnose issues.

TCP/IP Model

A 4-layer model that is the foundational framework of the Internet, detailed in RFC 1122.

Hybrid Model

A practical combination of physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers, commonly used by engineers.

Encapsulation

The process where each layer adds its own header to the original data, creating a PDU.

Application Layer (Layers 5-7)

This layer interacts with end users and handles data types like HTTP, DNS, and DHCP.

Transport Layer (Layer 4)

Responsible for reliable data delivery (TCP) or faster delivery (UDP), through segmentation.

Network Layer (Layer 3)

Manages IP addresses (IPv4 and IPv6) and routing packets through the network.

Data Link Layer (Layer 2)

Uses MAC addresses to identify network devices and formats frames for transmission.

Physical Layer (Layer 1)

Involves the actual data transmission through physical signals, like electric pulses and light.

VLANs

Virtual Local Area Networks, used for network segmentation and increased security.

EtherType

A field in the Ethernet header that indicates which Layer 3 protocol follows.

Subnetting

The process of dividing a large network into smaller, manageable sub-networks.

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)

A method for allocating IP addresses and IP routing that allows for variable length subnet masking.

Network Address

The first address in a subnet that identifies the network itself.

Broadcast Address

The last address in a subnet used to communicate with all devices on that subnet.

Default Gateway

The IP address of the router that serves as an exit point from a network to other networks.

NIC (Network Interface Card)

The hardware that connects a computer to a network and converts data into signals.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

A transport-layer protocol that ensures reliable communication between devices.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

A transport-layer protocol that provides faster, connectionless communication.

Wireshark

A network protocol analyzer tool used for capturing and inspecting network traffic in real time.

IP Configuration

The process of assigning an IP address, subnet mask, and gateway to network devices.

Permission Management (chmod)

A Linux command used to change file system permissions required for file access.

ss (Socket Statistics)

A command in Linux to investigate network connections and open ports.

pwd (Print Working Directory)

A command that displays the current directory path in the terminal.

ls -la

A command that lists all files including hidden files with detailed information.

ping

A command used to test connectivity between network devices.

sudo

A command allowing a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user.

apt

The package manager for installing, upgrading, and managing software on Ubuntu.

DNS (Domain Name System)

The hierarchical system that resolves human-readable domain names into numerical IP addresses.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

A network protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses and other communication parameters to devices.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

A protocol used to map an Internet Protocol address (IP) to a localized physical hardware address (MAC).

Segment

The Protocol Data Unit (PDU) terminology used when data is at the Transport Layer (Layer 4).

Packet

The Protocol Data Unit (PDU) terminology used when data is at the Network Layer (Layer 3).