AP EURO QUARTER 3

Edwin Chadwick gained fame as a/an
A) trade union leader.
B) advocate of improved public sanitation.
C) proponent of mass migration to the countryside.
D) influential follower of Marx.
E) successful businessman.

B) advocate of improved public sanitation.

Georges Haussmann is remembered for
A) developing the antiseptic method.
B) rebuilding Paris.
C) his realistic novels of lower-class life.
D) enunciation of the positivist philosophy.
E) pioneering the use of anesthesia.

B) rebuilding Paris.

Improved economic conditions in the nineteenth century led to
A) more job opportunities for women outside the home.
B) more women remaining single.
C) the expectation that married women would not work outside the home.
D) a mass exodus of women from domestic service.
E) extension of the vote to women in much of Europe.

C) the expectation that married women would not work outside the home.

The development of the __ revolutionized urban life in the 1890s. A) sidewalk
B) automobile
C) horse-drawn streetcar
D) electric streetcar
E) public sewer and water system

D) electric streetcar

According to the text

working-class leisure typically included all of the following except
A) drinking in taverns.
B) watching spectator sports.
C) attending music hall performances.
D) hosting dinner parties.
E) gambling.

Joseph Lister is responsible for the
A) development of the germ theory.
B) popularization of the miasmatic theory.
C) practice of antiseptic sterilization.
D) theory of genetics.
E) theory of the separation of powers.

C) practice of antiseptic sterilization.

In 1900

the richest _ percent of the population received 33 percent of all national income.
A) 5
B) 15
C) 20
D) 30
E) 45

The flaw in Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's theory of evolution was his
A) assertion that characteristics parents acquired in the course of their lives could be passed on to their offspring by heredity.
B) denial that human beings had evolved from other primates.
C) claim that genetic mutations were random.
D) assertion that all forms of life had arisen through a long process of continuous adjustment to the environment.
E) assertion that God intervened to push evolution in the direction of greater complexity.

A) assertion that characteristics parents acquired in the course of their lives could be passed on to their offspring by heredity.

The breakthrough development of germ theory was the work of
A) Georges Haussmann.
B) Louis Pasteur.
C) Joseph Lister.
D) Robert Koch.
E) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.

B) Louis Pasteur.

Napoleon III believed that rebuilding Paris would lead to all of the following except
A) increased employment.
B) a more equitable division of wealth.
C) glorification of his empire.
D) improved living conditions.
E) greater control over revolutionary crowds.

B) a more equitable division of wealth.

As the nineteenth century progressed

the upper middle class
A) tended to merge with the old aristocracy.
B) formed tighter bonds with the rest of the middle class.
C) expressed a high degree of social conscience.
D) retained its frugal attitudes.
E) increasingly turned toward socialism.

The middle classes championed
A) progressive social norms.
B) income inequality.
C) socialism and the rights of labor unions.
D) traditional Christian values.
E) the social safety net.

D) traditional Christian values.

The white-collar employees identified with the
A) clergy.
B) union movement.
C) working class.
D) aristocracy.
E) middle class.

E) middle class.

According to the text

one of the social functions of the labor aristocracy's strict moral code was
A) to convince the middle classes that they belonged.
B) to create a strong barrier against socialist influences.
C) to maintain their unstable social and economic position.
D) to prevent their children from joining the supposedly morally corrupt middle classes.
E) to serve as an example to lower-paid unskilled workers.

Across Europe

___ was the favorite leisure-time activity of the working class.
A) going to the theater
B) drinking
C) going to sporting events
D) reading
E) going to church

Ignorance and were most responsible for the poor conditions in early industrial cities.
A) government indifference
B) poor hygiene
C) an unhealthy water supply
D) air pollution
E) the legacy of rural housing conditions

E) the legacy of rural housing conditions

The decline in illegitimacy rates after 1850 was probably the result of A) the higher incidence of marriage for expectant mothers.
B) decreased premarital sexual activity.
C) urban renewal.
D) the increased availability of contraception and abortion.
E) the increased influence of religion among the lower classes.

A) the higher incidence of marriage for expectant mothers.

My Secret Life describes
A) the harsh world of sweated industries.
B) the search for scientific discoveries.
C) the seamy

underground sex life of a Victorian rake.
D) the psychological stress created by the new

According to the theory of disease

people contract disease when they breathe the bad odors of decay.
A) miasmatic
B) putrification
C) degeneration
D) effluvial
E) Lister

Between 1750 and 1850

there was a/an
A) rapid decline in premarital sex among all classes.
B) rapid decline in marriage among all classes.
C) illegitimacy explosion.
D) sharp decline in real wages.
E) contraception revolution.

__ visited prostitutes.
A) Working-class men
B) Men of all classes
C) Middle-class men
D) Urban men
E) Upper-class men

B) Men of all classes

The revolutionary reduction in the size of European families was in large part caused by
A) the family's desire to improve its economic and social position.
B) the effectiveness and availability of birth control.
C) women wanting to pursue careers outside the home.
D) oppressive Victorian morality.
E) an epidemic of infertility related to environmental contamination.

A) the family's desire to improve its economic and social position.

Working-class children were probably under less parental control than middle-class children in the later nineteenth century because
A) socialist thinkers believed in allowing children more freedom.
B) rates of illegitimacy continued to rise among the working classes.
C) members of the working class attended church less often than members of the middle class.
D) working-class children went to work and became independent earners earlier.
E) working-class women had to work outside the home.

D) working-class children went to work and became independent earners earlier.

Generally

Freud postulated that
A) people were motivated by reason.
B) sexual desires are a minor component in people's behavior.
C) human behavior is motivated by unconscious emotional needs.
D) heredity was the key factor in explaining incidences of mental illness.
E) human behavior had its origin in natural selection.

In 1900

in almost every advanced country the richest 5 percent of the population received about _ percent of all national income.
A) 66
B) 25
C) 10
D) 50
E) 33

Industrial and urban development made nineteenth-century society A) less diverse and less unified.
B) more diverse and less unified.
C) more diverse

but more unified.
D) less diverse and more unified.
E) more rigid and less open.

Comte believed that application of the positivist method would result in
A) discovery of the eternal laws of human relations.
B) social revolution.
C) economic growth.
D) the establishment of socialism.
E) travel to other planets.

A) discovery of the eternal laws of human relations.

Franziska Tiburtius was one of the few female of her time.
A) doctors
B) bishops
C) political leaders
D) scientists
E) theologians

A) doctors

Developments in ___ facilitated the production of synthetic dyes. A) physics
B) biology
C) chemistry
D) mechanics
E) engineering

C) chemistry

In the late nineteenth century

masturbation was
A) viewed with horror.
B) seen as a normal part of adolescence.
C) considered unhealthy for women

According to the text

realist writers fit within the late-nineteenth-century glorification of science because they
A) generally made the heroes of their novels scientists.
B) turned toward science fiction.
C) denied the importance of emotion in determining human action.
D) were generally optimistic.
E) attempted to observe and record life in an objective manner.

Comte believed that the stage was the culmination of human development.
A) metaphysical
B) theological
C) abstract
D) scientific
E) progressive

D) scientific

__'s sympathy with socialism is evident in the novel Germinal.
A) Tolstoy
B) Zola
C) Dreiser
D) Flaubert
E) Eliot

B) Zola

In 1816

the Ottoman Empire was forced to grant _ autonomy.
A) Morocco
B) Egypt
C) Algeria
D) Greece
E) Serbia

The first and most important of the Great Reforms in Russia was the A) abolition of serfdom.
B) creation of the zemstvos

the local

Which of the following events occurred first?
A) "Bloody Sunday" rocks Russia.
B) Bismarck launches his Kulturkampf.
C) The U.S. Civil War begins.
D) Napoleon III claims the throne in France.
E) The first social security laws are passed in Germany.

D) Napoleon III claims the throne in France.

The Russian zemstvo was the
A) peasant commune that owned the land distributed by the Great Reforms.
B) new Russian parliament established after the revolution of 1905.
C) institution for local government established by the Great Reforms.
D) name of the currency issued when Russia adopted the gold standard.
E) state-run investment bank set up to promote railroad construction.

C) institution for local government established by the Great Reforms

In the decades before 1848

pushed for a centralized democratic Italian republic.
A) Mazzini
B) Garibaldi
C) Cavour
D) Bismarck
E) Victor Emmanuel

Karl Lueger

the popular mayor of Vienna

Bismarck's Kulturkampf refers to
A) his drive to make German workers more cultured.
B) his attack on the Catholic Church in the German Empire.
C) his attempt to stamp out anti-German attitudes in France following the Franco-Prussian War.
D) his 1864 war against Denmark.
E) his promotion of the German Empire's new National Theater.

B) his attack on the Catholic Church in the German Empire.

In 1831 and 1839

___ led efforts to depose Mahmud II.
A) Mahmud III
B) Ali III
C) the British
D) Muhammad Ali
E) the Germans

Ottoman reformers launched a series of radical reforms in the nineteenth century known as the
A) New Order.
B) Janissary Laws.
C) Tanzimat.
D) Meiji Reforms.
E) New Turkey Policies.

C) Tanzimat.

The event that directly prompted the Great Reforms in Russia

including the emancipation of the serfs

Garibaldi was the leader of the
A) Black Shirts.
B) Red Shirts.
C) White Shirts.
D) Green Shirts.
E) Black Shorts.

B) Red Shirts.

Sardinia-Piedmont became the leader of the Italian unification as a result of all of the following factors except
A) the failure of Mazzini's style of democratic nationalism in 1848.
B) Pope Pius IX's rejection of Italian unification.
C) Austrian support.
D) Victor Emmanuel's granting of a liberal constitution.
E) the able leadership of Count Camillo Benso di Cavour.

C) Austrian support.

seized control of the Ottoman Empire in the revolution of 1908. A) The National Socialists
B) Muhammad Ali
C) The Egyptians
D) The Young Turks
E) Islamic fundamentalists

D) The Young Turks

Above all

Louis Napoleon believed that government should represent the
A) people.
B) elite.
C) aristocracy.
D) peasantry.
E) industrial class.

The long-established customs union among the German states was known as the
A) Zemstvo.
B) Zollverein.
C) Reichstag.
D) North German Confederation.
E) Sadowa.

B) Zollverein.

The cash crop that revitalized the slave economy of the southern United States in the nineteenth century was
A) tobacco.
B) sugar cane.
C) cotton.
D) rice.
E) potatoes.

C) cotton.

Theodore Herzl was
A) the anti-Semitic mayor of Vienna.
B) speaker of the Reichstag during much of Bismarck's tenure.
C) the creator of modern psychoanalysis.
D) the founder of the Zionist Jewish national movement.
E) a German socialist and author of Evolutionary Socialism.

D) the founder of the Zionist Jewish national movement.

After the Franco-Prussian War

Prussia
A) imposed a harsh peace on France.
B) imposed a generous peace on France.
C) asked for international participation in the formation of the peace treaty. D) acknowledged its own role in starting the war.
E) made the status quo before the war the basis of the peace treaty.

All of the following are consequences of the Franco-Prussian War except
A) the completion of German unification.
B) the collapse of the French Second Empire.
C) an upsurge of German nationalistic pride.
D) a wave of social reform in Germany.
E) the declaration of a new republic by French patriots in Paris.

D) a wave of social reform in Germany.

Parts of northern Italy were given to __ at the Congress of Vienna in 1815.
A) Austria
B) France
C) Prussia
D) the Ottomans
E) Russia

A) Austria

The greatest impediment to nation building in the United States was
A) its weak colonial economy.
B) regional differences exacerbated by slavery.
C) the lack of common ancestry among its citizens.
D) the intellectual legacy of the American Revolution.
E) religious conflict.

B) regional differences exacerbated by slavery.

The Mexican War of 1848
A) reduced tensions between the North and South by generating an atmosphere of renewed patriotic unity.
B) exacerbated tensions between the North and South

as debate erupted over the extension of slavery into territory acquired from Mexico.
C) provided a crucial stimulus to the development of cotton culture in the Southwest.
D) led to a national policy toward African Americans.
E) left the South devastated and weakened.

The consequences of the U.S. Civil War included all of the following except
A) the emergence of powerful business corporations.
B) reinforcement of the concept of free labor.
C) equality for its black citizens.
D) the confirmation of the concept of manifest destiny.
E) economic prosperity for the North.

C) equality for its black citizens.

Sergei Witte was
A) the minister of finance who led Russian industrialization in the 1890s.
B) the assassin of Alexander II.
C) the founder of Russian Marxism.
D) the architect of Russia's Great Reforms in the 1860s and early 1870s.
E) Nicholas II's chief minister who passed laws encouraging individual ownership of land.

A) the minister of finance who led Russian industrialization in the 1890s.

Giuseppe Garibaldi is best described as a/an
A) hard-line socialist.
B) liberal technocrat.
C) amoral opportunist.
D) visionary industrialist.
E) romantic nationalist.

E) romantic nationalist.

In 1881

__ was assassinated by a small group of terrorists.
A) Alexander III
B) Alexander II
C) Nicholas II
D) Nicholas I
E) Alexander I

Bismarck's social reforms were motivated primarily by
A) the Long Depression.
B) his goal of stimulating the economy.
C) humanitarian concern for the suffering of the urban poor.
D) the failure of his Kulturkampf against German Catholics.
E) his fear and distrust of socialism.

E) his fear and distrust of socialism.

According to the text

German Social Democrats recovered their losses of the 1907 election and became the largest party in the Reichstag in 1912

The Dreyfus affair
A) revived the prestige of the French army.
B) drove a wedge between Catholics and anti-Semites.
C) revived republican distrust of Catholicism.
D) fanned the flames of French imperialism.
E) created a witch-hunt for German spies in the French army and intelligence services.

E) created a witch-hunt for German spies in the French army and intelligence services.

Between 1906 and 1914

the Liberal party in Britain was able to accomplish all of the following except
A) eliminate the House of Lords as a real power in British politics.
B) substantially increase taxes on the rich.
C) pass a national health-insurance program.
D) resolve the violent problems of Ireland.
E) pass a program of old-age pensions.

Efforts by members of the House of Lords to block the ___ in 1906 led to the triumph of popular democracy in Britain.
A) People's Budget
B) New Corn Law
C) expansion of the franchise
D) nationalization of the mining industry
E) secularization of the state

A) People's Budget

By 1914

___ was the most industrialized

In his Evolutionary Socialism

suggested that socialists should reform their doctrines and tactics.
A) Wilfred Smith
B) Robert Owen
C) Karl Marx
D) Jean Jaurès
E) Edward Bernstein

Conflict between China and Britain over the _ trade led to war in the early 1840s.
A) grain
B) cotton
C) opium
D) silk
E) silver

C) opium

In 1750

the average standard of living in Europe

In 1640

the _ government decided to seal off the country from all European influences.
A) Chinese
B) Japanese
C) Egyptian
D) Sudanese
E) Ottoman

The typical European immigrant was a/an
A) middle-class professional.
B) urban factory worker.
C) small farmer or rural craftsperson.
D) landless peasant.
E) aristocrat.

C) small farmer or rural craftsperson.

The largest share of European foreign investment went to
A) sub-Saharan Africa.
B) Asia.
C) European states and North America.
D) the Third World.
E) Latin America.

C) European states and North America.

British armies remained in Egypt until
A) 1975.
B) 1882.
C) 1945.
D) 1919.
E) 1956.

E) 1956.

Jews made up the immigrant group least likely to return to their native land

primarily because of
A) violent anti-Semitism in eastern Europe.
B) the success they enjoyed in their new homes.
C) laws against such repatriation.
D) the high cost of travel back to Europe.
E) the strength of Jewish traditional culture.

The large new Asian colony acquired by the United States in the Spanish-American War of 1898 was
A) Thailand.
B) Vietnam.
C) Taiwan.
D) Burma.
E) the Philippines.

E) the Philippines.

Rudyard Kipling's white man's burden referred to
A) the social costs of industrialization.
B) the difficulties of reaching consensus in a democratic society.
C) the supposed innate inferiority of the white race.
D) the white race's supposed duty to civilize inferior

nonwhite races.
E) the high costs of maintaining colonial rule.

The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885
A) set the terms for the division of China into economic zones of influence.
B) declared Africa off-limits to colonization.
C) determined peace terms that ended the Sino-Japanese War.
D) set up the terms for the division of most of Africa among European colonial powers.
E) established high tariffs to protect German industry.

D) set up the terms for the division of most of Africa among European colonial powers.

The Boxer Rebellion was a/an
A) revolt of Chinese military officers who supported westernization against the Qing Empress Dowager.
B) rebellion of traditionalist Chinese patriots who wished to expel all Westerners from China.
C) mutiny in the British Mediterranean fleet.
D) uprising of militant Muslims against British rule in Sudan.
E) revolution made by patriotic samurai who overthrew the Japanese shogun.

B) rebellion of traditionalist Chinese patriots who wished to expel all Westerners from China.

The number of people who left Europe increased rapidly in the years before A) the Revolutions of 1848.
B) the Scramble for Africa.
C) German unification.
D) World War II.
E) World War I.

E) World War I.

Between 1750 and 1913

average income in the Third World
A) was stagnant.
B) doubled.
C) increased by 50 percent.
D) fell by 50 percent.
E) increased threefold.

absorbed the largest number of European migrants.
A) The United States
B) Asia
C) India
D) Canada
E) Australia and New Zealand

A) The United States

Which of the following events occurred first?
A) Perry opens Japan.
B) The United States takes over the Philippines.
C) The Suez Canal is completed.
D) Conrad publishes Heart of Darkness.
E) The Meiji Restoration establishes a new government in Japan.

A) Perry opens Japan.

Which of the following events occurred last?
A) Perry opens Japan.
B) The United States takes over the Philippines.
C) The Suez Canal is completed.
D) Conrad publishes Heart of Darkness.
E) The Meiji Restoration establishes new government in Japan.

D) Conrad publishes Heart of Darkness.

Most Asian migrants were
A) small business people.
B) indentured laborers.
C) factory workers.
D) wealthy intellectuals.
E) welcomed in the countries they went to.

B) indentured laborers.

The principle by which the European powers established their claim to an African territory after the Berlin Conference was known as
A) extraterritoriality.
B) annexation.
C) effective occupation.
D) military subjugation.
E) the white man's burden.

C) effective occupation.

The primary factor that influenced whether European immigrants returned to their native lands was
A) their degree of success in the New World.
B) family connections in Europe.
C) the strength of their new nationalism.
D) the possibility of buying land in the home country.
E) the strength of their traditional culture.

D) the possibility of buying land in the home country.

The Scramble for Africa began in earnest after
A) 1880.
B) 1850.
C) 1900.
D) 1870.
E) 1830.

A) 1880.

In his book Imperialism

J. A. Hobson maintained all of the following except that
A) imperialism was justified by Darwin's theory of natural selection.
B) imperialism diverted attention from much-needed domestic reform.
C) imperialism resulted from capitalists' search for profitable investments.
D) imperialism benefited only a small number of private interests.
E) imperial possessions did not pay off for the imperial country as a whole.

Japan opened its shores to Western trade
A) because it wanted to enter the world economy.
B) in response to U.S. military pressure.
C) as a result of the Meiji Restoration.
D) under the influence of Dutch missionaries there.
E) to reduce its dependence on China.

B) in response to U.S. military pressure.

British settlers came into conflict with the Boers

or __

___ of Belgium formed a financial syndicate to take control of the Congo basin.
A) Louis X
B) Johan IV
C) Beatrice I
D) Joseph V
E) Leopold II

E) Leopold II

The Meiji Restoration featured all of the following except
A) a military modeled along European lines.
B) borrowing of Western science and technology.
C) overthrow of the emperor.
D) a free

competitive

In 1910

Korea became a colony of
A) China.
B) Russia.
C) France.
D) Japan.
E) Germany.

Sun Yatsen
A) led the traditionalist Boxers in their rebellion against the Western presence in China.
B) was the most reformist adviser to the Qing government.
C) advocated overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of a Chinese republic.
D) was a Chinese general who led an attempted coup against the Qing government.
E) advocated the quiet cultivation of traditional Chinese virtues as a response to the West.

C) advocated overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of a Chinese republic.

In the 1880s

the ___ took control of Indochina.
A) French
B) Germans
C) British
D) Russians
E) Japanese

___ led the United States' effort to gain access to Japanese markets.
A) Theodore Roosevelt
B) William Bryan
C) President McKinley
D) Edward Johnson
E) Matthew Perry

E) Matthew Perry

By 1913

world trade had
A) increased by 25 percent over the 1800 level.
B) almost tripled that of 1800.
C) more than doubled that of 1800.
D) grown to twenty-five times that of 1800.
E) remained stagnant for more than two generations.

Ismail Ali ruled for sixteen years as Egypt's ___

or prince.
A) khedive
B) shah
C) caliph
D) imam
E) pharaoh

The all-important goal of the architects of the Meiji Restoration was to
A) bring an end to imperial rule.
B) expand trade with the West.
C) meet the threat posed by outside powers.
D) form an alliance with China.
E) return Japan to its pre-1640 society.

C) meet the threat posed by outside powers.

Grigori Rasputin was assassinated by
A) Bolshevik revolutionaries.
B) agents of the tsarist police force.
C) German mercenaries.
D) nationalistic aristocrats.
E) Japanese spies.

D) nationalistic aristocrats.

William II's dismissal of Bismarck stemmed

in part