Trappe van Vergelyking (Degrees of Comparison)

Flashcards covering the rules, examples, and exceptions of Trappe van Vergelyking (Degrees of Comparison) in Afrikaans as presented in the lecture notes.

Trappe van Vergelyking

Degrees of Comparison.

Positive Form (Column A)

Describes something as it is.

Comparative Form (Column B)

Used to compare two people or things; often adds '-er'.

Superlative Form (Column C)

Used to compare more than two people or things; usually formed by adding '-ste' to the Column A form.

Short Vowel Rule (e.g., dik, dun, vet)

Double the final consonant and add '-er' in Column B (dikker, dunner, vetter).

Short Vowel + g Rule (e.g., sag, lig, sleg)

The 'g' is replaced with '-ter' in Column B (sagter, ligter, slegter).

Twin Vowels Rule (e.g., skoon, laat, geel)

One vowel drops and '-er' is added in Column B (skoner, later, geler).

Long Vowel + g Rule (e.g., hoog, laag, leeg)

The 'g' is replaced by a trëma on the 'e' in Column B (hoër, laer, leër).

Double Vowels or Consonants + g Rule (e.g., droog, moeg, vroeg)

The 'g' is replaced by a trëma on the 'e' in Column B (droër, moeër, vroeër).

Ending in 'r' Rule (e.g., ver, duur, lekker)

Add '-der' in Column B (verder, duurder, lekkerder).

Long Vowel + 'd' Rule (e.g., koud, breed)

The 'd' falls away and '-er' is added, sometimes with a trëma (kouer, breër).

kwaad

An exception to the long vowel + 'd' rule; it becomes 'kwater' in Column B and 'kwaadste' in Column C.

Ending in 'lik' Rule (e.g., maklik, lieflik, oulik)

Add '-er' in Column B (makliker, liefliker, ouliker).

Ending in 's' Rule (e.g., los, boos, fluks)

Add '-er' in Column B; double consonants if the vowel is short (losser, boser, flukser).

Ending in 'ig' Rule (e.g., vinnig, besig, stadig)

Add '-er' in Column B (vinniger, besiger, stadiger).

Ending in a Long Vowel Rule (e.g., blou, mooi, kwaai)

Add '-er' in Column B (blouer, mooier, kwaaier).

Short Vowel + 'f' Rule (e.g., grof, laf, muf)

The 'f' changes to 'ww' before adding 'er' in Column B (growwer, lawwer, muwwer).

Long Vowel or Consonant + 'f' Rule (e.g., lief, doof, styf, skurf)

The 'f' changes to 'w' before adding 'er' in Column B (liewer, dower, stywer, skurwer).

Ending in 'de' or 'e' Rule (e.g., tevrede, opgewonde, beskeie, verleë)

Use 'meer' for the comparative form and 'mees' for the superlative form.

Ending in 'u' Rule (e.g., slu, ru)

Add '-wer' in Column B (sluwer, ruwer) and add '-uste' in Column C (sluuste, ruuste).

baie

Exception: Comparative is 'meer' and Superlative is 'die meeste'.

bietjie

Exception: Comparative is 'minder' and Superlative is 'die minste'.

dikwels

Exception: Comparative is 'meermale' and Superlative is 'die meeste'.

goed

Exception: Comparative is 'beter' and Superlative is 'beste'.

jonk

Exception for Column B: jonger.

lank

Exception for Column B: langer.

nuut

Exception: Comparative is 'nuwer' and Superlative is 'nuutste'.

as (meaning 'than')

Indicates you must use the comparative form (Column B).

die (before the adjective)

Indicates you must use the superlative form (Column C).

Hoe … hoe

Always used with the comparative form (Column B).