CH 10 X-ray interaction ROD

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Last updated 8:22 PM on 9/3/25
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36 Terms

1
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5 interactions w matter include?

  1. Coherent scattering

  2. Compton scattering

  3. Photoelectric effect

  4. Pair production

  5. Photo disintegration

    (only COMPTON SCATTERING AND PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT MAKE X-RAY IMAGES)

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Photon is the smallest

Smallest quantity of electromagnetic radiation.

  • Small bundle of energy or quantum traveling at the speed of light

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Wavelength;

Frequency;

Wavelength; refers to the distance between two crests

Frequency; refers to the number of cycles per second , unit of measure is hertz

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The shorter the wavelength the higher the _____

Frequenncy

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When an electron is added or removed from the atom, it is ?

- it is ionized

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<p>Coherent scattering refers to</p>

Coherent scattering refers to

Also called: Classical scattering or Thompson scattering

 Occurs with energies below 10 keV( involves low energy X-rays) 

-Incident x-ray interacts with an atom of matter, causing it to become excited. Immediately the atom releases this excess energy and  the scattered x-ray with a wavelength equal to that of the incident X-ray it just changes direction.

<p><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Also called: Classical scattering or Thompson scattering</span></p><p>&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Occurs with energies below 10 keV( involves low energy X-rays)</span>&nbsp;</p><p>-<span>Incident x-ray interacts with an atom of matter, causing it to become excited. Immediately the atom releases this excess energy and &nbsp;the scattered x-ray with a wavelength equal to that of the incident X-ray it just changes direction.</span></p>
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<p>Compton scattering refers to</p>

Compton scattering refers to

Occurs throughout the diagnostic imaging range

A fairly high energy (high kVp) x-ray photon ejects an outer shell electron. The incident x-ray interacts with the outer electron shell on an atom of matter, removing it. (Ejecting it) called COMPTON ELECTRON

-It not only causes ionizes it but scatters the incident x-ray causing a reductions in energy and the change of direction.

<p><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Occurs throughout the diagnostic imaging range</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>A fairly high energy (high kVp) x-ray photon ejects an outer shell electron. The incident x-ray interacts with the outer electron shell on an atom of matter, removing it. (Ejecting it) called COMPTON ELECTRON</strong></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(204, 204, 153)">-</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">It not only causes ionizes it but scatters the incident x-ray causing a reductions in energy and the change of direction.</span></p>
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The probability of Compton gathering decreases as______

Decreases as x-ray energy increases

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X-rays scattered back in the direction of the incident x-ray beam are called

Backscatter radiation

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The probability of Compton scattering is inversely proportional to_________ And not dependent on atomic number

Inverse proportional to x-ray energy

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Compton scattering reduces _____

image contrast

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Scattered x-rays provide no information on the x-ray image rather they produce unwanted exposure to the image receptor called

X-ray fog,

  • The result is uniform x-ray intensity on the image, receptor, resulting and reduced image contrast?.

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Scattered x-rays from Compton, such a radiation exposure, hydrate and radiography particularly in _____

fluoroscopy

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<p>Photoelectric effect refers to</p>

Photoelectric effect refers to

Occurs when an incident X-ray is totally absorbed after interacting with an inner shell electron.

-The incident photon disappear, and the K shell electron is NOW called a photo electron ejected from the atom. (Escapes with kinetic energy equal to the the energy of the incident x-ray, and the binding energy of the electron)

  • characteristic x-rays are produced after photoelectric interaction

<p>Occurs when an incident X-ray is totally absorbed after interacting with an inner shell electron.</p><p>-The incident photon disappear, and the K shell electron is NOW called a photo electron ejected from the atom. (Escapes with kinetic energy equal to the the energy of the incident x-ray, and the binding energy of the electron)</p><ul><li><p><strong>characteristic x-rays are produced after photoelectric interaction</strong></p></li></ul>
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The photo electric effect is total X-ray _______

Absorption

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The probability that x-ray will go under the photoelectric interaction is a function of both x-ray _________ and _________

ray energy and the atomic number of the atom in which interacts

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The photoelectric interaction cannot occur unless the incident x-ray has_________

has equal energy or greater than the electron Binding energy(kshell)

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<p>A photo electric interaction is more likely to occur with ________</p>

A photo electric interaction is more likely to occur with ________

with high Z atoms than low Z atoms ?

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Type and effective atomic numbeR

Fat

Soft tissue

Lung

Bone

Air

Iodine

Barium

Tungsten

Lead

Fat ; 6.3

Soft tissue; 7.4

Lung; 7.4

Bone; 13.8

Air: 7.6

Iodine 53

Barium: 56

Tungsten: 74

Lead: 82

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Pair production ______ occur in X-ray imaging

DOES NOT OCCUR

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<p>Pair production refers to</p>

Pair production refers to

occurs with x-rays have energy is greater than 1.2 MEV the x-ray interacts with the nuclear field and two electrons that have opposite electrostatic charges are created.

  • electron that result from pair production loses energy through excitation and ionization vacancy in atomic orbital shell.

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Photodistenegration refers to

X-rays with greater than 10 MEV , nuclear field is raised right now and excited and instantly admit a nuclear called photo disintegration

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The difference in which x-rays interact and or absorb food electrically and transmitted to the image receptor is called

Diffferential absorption

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Differential absorption occurs because of ______, ______ and ___________

compton scattering, photoelectric effect and x-rays transmitted to the patient.

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approximately ________ of x-rays that passed through the patient reach the image receptor

1%

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Differential absorption increases as KVP is ________

Reduced.

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Compton scattering is __________________ of tissues. The probability of Comptons scattering for bone atoms and for soft tissue atoms is approximately _______ and decreases with _____________

not dependent on atomic number, equal and decreases with increasing energy.

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The capability of continent scattering with inversely proportional to

Inversely proportional to x-ray energy

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At low energy, most xray interactions with tissue are

Photoelectric interactions

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At high energy’s _______ occurs

Compton scattering occurs

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We know that we could image bone even if differential absorption would not be Z-related because bone has a higher mass density than soft tissue. What is mass density?

Density is a quantity of matter per unit volume specified in units of kilograms per cubic meter. (Kg/m*3)

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The interaction Of x-rays with tissue is ________________

proportional to the mass density of a tissue, regardless of type of interaction

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Characteristics of differential absorption

As x-ray energy increases;

As tissue atomic number increases:

As tissue mass density increases

As x-ray energy increases;

-fewer Compton interactions,

Many fewer for photoelectric interactions, - More transmission tissue

As tissue atomic number increases:

  • No change in Compton interactions, More photoelectric, interactions, less x-ray transmission

As tissue mass density increases:

  • proportional increase in Compton interactions , proportional increase in photoelectric, interactions, proportional reduction in x-ray transmission

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Attenuation refers to

The reduction in the number of x-rays remaining in the x-ray beam after penetrating through a given thickness of tissue.

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Barium and iodine compound are used to aid imaging of x-rays. The atomic number of barium and iodine is.

Barium;56

Iodine:53

He has a much higher atomic number and greater mass density than soft tissue.

Called contrast agents, They are positive contrast agents