The History of Slavery

Triangle Trade

trade between the Americas, Europe, and Africa

Middle Passage

part of the triangular trade in which Africans were forcibly taken from Africa to slavery in the Americas

Stono Rebellion

slave revolt in South Carolina in 1739

Interchangeable parts

a system of manufacturing in which all parts are made to an exact standard for easy mass assembly

Cotton gin

machine to separate the seeds from raw cotton fibers

Abolitionist Movement

movement to end slavery

Emancipation

freeing of enslaved people

Turners Rebellion

unsuccessful slave revolt led by Nat Turner

Underground railroad

network of escape routes that provided protection and transportation for slaves fleeing north

Gag rule

rule passed by the House in 1836 prohibiting antislavery petitions from being read or acted upon

Define the Triangle Trade. What goods were traded? What stops were made?

the trade route between america, africa and europe.

sugar, rum, slaves, and guns were traded

*Where was Olaudah Equiano from? How did he become a slave?

he was from Benin, he became a slave when two men and a woman kidnapped him

Explain Olaudah Equiano description of the middle passage (conditions/description)

he witnessed many scenes of brutality such as two people's suicide, it was cramped, stuffy, hot, and smelled bad

In South Carolina and Georgia what were the farming and working conditions for the slaves

the slaves were under brutal conditions, there were high temperatures and dangerous diseases were rampant

Describe the knowledge that Africans brought with them? How important was kinship to the africans?

they brought skills of cattle herding and fishing. kinship was important to survive slavery and preserver their traditions.

What did the high cost of importing slaves encourage slave masters to do?

it led slave owners to encourage the slaves to raise families

What are 2 differences between slavery in Maryland and Virginia and Georgia and South Carolina

1. slaves performed different work

2. africans in Virginia and Maryland had more regular contact with European Americans

Describe why New England slavery was ''less" harsh

slaves in the New England colonies had more freedom to choose their occupations

List 3 obstacles free blacks had to deal with.

couldn't vote, testify in court against whites, couldn't marry whites.

How were free blacks sometimes worse off?

poorer living conditions, severe discrimination, limited rights.

List 3 laws that were passed to control slaves.

1. could not leave town limits without a pass

2. slaves could not own canes

3. slaves could not marry white women

Describe the Stono Rebellion.

20 slaves broke into a store, got weapons near the Stono River. Headed to Savannah with 60-80 slaves, they were caught near the Edisto River. 20 whites and 40 slaves dead.

* What is meant by the term 'King Cotton'? include the expansion of it.

it refers to how the South's economy was largely based off cotton. in 1820, the south produced 160 million pounds of cotton. in 1830 it doubled, in 1850 it surpassed a billion, in 1860 King Cotton made up 2/3 of the value of american exports

What effect did the cotton gin have on slavery?

It greatly increased the need for slaves as cotton became profitable and south needed slaves to pick cotton

By 1804 what were the regulations/laws towards slavery in the north?

all northern states had either banned slavery or passed laws to end it gradually

Number of slaves in the south in 1820? In 1850?

1820: 1.5 million

1850: 3.2 million

Describe the life for a slave on a small plantation and a large plantation.

on small farms, slaves worked side by side with their owners, ate together, and slept in the same house. on large farms, life was harsher, they worked in gangs under supervision. both groups endured the same cruel treatment

What was the treatment of slave women?

they had to take care of their children, the households, cook and serve food, clean, in addition to working the fields. some also endured physical or sexual assault

How did the prices of slaves change over time?

in 1832 they were $500 and rose to $1,300 in 1837 due to high demand

Describe the Denmark Vesey's plot

in charleston he wanted to raid the arsenal, kill all white residents, free the slaves, and burn the city to the ground

Explain Nat Turner's Rebellion and its impact on southern society.

Nat Turner stole weapons and with 20 other slaves he went from plantation to plantation, killing the inhabitants and rallying other slaves to join him. This event would strike fear into southern society and make them worry about the outcome of their slaves revolting against them after Nat Turners death.

*Define the Abolitionist Movement.

A movement of people in Western Europe and America attempting to finally abolish slavery

Explain what David Walker did to protest slavery?

he sold clothes that, in the pockets, contained his antislavery packet "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World"

Why was Liberia founded? What was its purpose?

founded to send free blacks and emancipated slaves to africa. the purpose was so they could have freedom and be equal.

Who was William Lloyd Garrison? What did he do for the movement?

he published an antislavery newspaper "The Liberator" and founded the American Anti-Slavery Society

Describe 3 pieces of literature/writing against slavery.

1. "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World" written by David Walker

2. "The Liberator" written by William Lloyd Garrison

3. "Life and Times of Frederick Douglass" by Frederick Douglass

Who was Frederick Douglas? What was his role in the anti-slavery movement?

Douglass was one of the most influential African abolitionists, he helped fight for the rights of slaves after the Civil War, and he also started an abolitionist newspaper named the North Star

How did Frederick Douglas gain his freedom? What did he accomplish in his life?

he raised the money to purchase his freedom while abroad. he fought for the rights of slaves, poor people, and women.

how did Sojourner Truth do to fight against slavery?

she would go from church to church and explain how slavery was bad from a religious standpoint

Explain what the Underground Railroad actually was? How did slaves escape?

A string of safe houses where escaped slaves could stay while hiding from slave hunters, they would escape from their plantations and go from house to house overnight until they made it to the North.

Describe the opposition to slavery in the North?

They attacked Williams newspaper and burned it down

Describe opposition to slavery in the South

the southerners did not like abolitionism and made congress pass the gag ruled which prohibited antislavery petitions being read or acted upon in the house

****What was the cotton gin?

A machine that picked seeds out of short-staple cotton plants

Describe the impact that cotton gin had on slavery? (production/demand increase and states created).

the invention of the cotton gin meant that people planted more cotton, which meant they needed more slaves to harvest said cotton and slaves had to work harder.

What is ''tight packing"?

tight packing means that slaves were packed on their shoulders

What is "loose packing"?

loose packing means that slaves were tightly packed on their backs

When/How did the 'need' for slaves come about?

when the population in towns and cities grew. because they needed people to grow things for them, early brutal civilization

What are the ways one could become a slave?

war

pirates offer captives for sale

criminal sentenced to slavery

unpayable debt

poor sold their own kids

How were slaves used by Helots

forced to work in their hereditary lands for their spartan masters

how were slaves used by Athenians

miners and domestic servants

how were slaves used by romans

they were used to fight in gladiators

Describe how the Portuguese introduced slavery to Europe?

they were trading spices with Africa and then started trading slaves.

What purpose did the CV islands serve?

a stopping station when they were trading to get food and supplies.