UNO Criminal Justice Exam 4

Probation

Probation

A court-imposed criminal sentence that, subject to stated conditions and restrictions, releases a convicted criminal defendant into the community instead of confining him or her to jail or prison.

Intermediate Sanctions

A form of criminal punishment that lie between total confinement and probation. They are less restrictive than total confinement in prisons and jails, but more concentrated and centered than probation. (ex, a speeding ticket)

Jail

a place for the confinement of people accused or convicted of a crime

Prison

a building in which people are legally held as a punishment for a crime they have committed or while awaiting trial.

Parole

the release of a prisoner temporarily (for a special purpose) or permanently before the completion of a sentence, on the promise of good behavior

Walnut Street Jail

"the first penitentiary in the world," the reference being principally to a small building in the rear which was built in 1791 to house prisoners whose sentence included solitary confinement.

Eastern State Penitentiary

was once the most famous and expensive prison in the world, but stands today in ruin, a haunting world of crumbling cellblocks and empty guard towers. Its vaulted, sky-lit cells once held many of America's most notorious lawbreakers, including "Slick Willie" Sutton and "Scarface" Al Capone.

Auburn Prison

penal method of the 19th century in which persons worked during the day and were kept in solitary confinement at night, with enforced silence at all times.

4th amendment

Prohibits unreasonable searches or seizures

5th amendment

guarantees that an individual cannot be compelled by the government to provide incriminating information about herself (you have the right to remain silent)

6th amendment

The right to a public trial

8th amendment

Prohibits cruel and unusual punishment

What rights do prisoners gain or lose?

The right to live in humane conditions The right to nutrition The right to Medicare The right to work The right to privacy The freedom from discrimination

Rehabilitation

the action of restoring someone to health or normal life through training and therapy after imprisonment, addiction, or illness

deterrence

the action of discouraging an action or event through instilling doubt or fear of the consequences

retribution

punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act

incapacitation

the act of making an individual “incapable” of committing a crime

restitution

holds offenders partially or fully accountable for the financial losses suffered by the victims of their crimes

Different types of Intermediate sanctions

day fines, intensive supervision programs, electronic monitoring or house arrest, or shock incarceration (also known as boot camp)

Revocation

the official cancellation of a decree, decision, or promise

Who has the authority to revoke probation?

The trial Court

Who has the authority to revoke parole?

The court's judge

Examples of Technical Violation of Parole

A technical violation means that a person did not comply with a condition of their supervision, such as missing a check-in with their supervision officer or failing a drug test

Community Corrections

All community corrections programs have the multiple goals of providing offender accountability, delivering rehabilitation services and surveillance, and achieving fiscal efficiency.

probable cause

reasonable grounds (for making a search, pressing a charge, etc.)

preponderance of the evidence

to prove that something is more likely than not. In other words, in light of the evidence and the law, do you believe that each element of his/her [claim/counterclaim] is more likely true than not

beyond a reasonable doubt

the legal burden of proof required to affirm a conviction in a criminal case

Innocence Project

The Innocence Project exonerates the wrongly convicted through DNA testing and reforms the criminal justice system to prevent future injustices

Can female correctional officers be excluded from the core duties of correctional officers because of gender?

Women cannot be excluded from the core duties of the correctional officer because of their sex. This is a closed environment in which everything is controlled and structured. The courts have determined that inmates are allowed little to no due process.

Prisonization

segregation from free society and deprivation of essential rights leads to a sense of change in the new inmates, as they are assimilated into the inmate culture

Culture of a male prison vs a female prison

Men form gangs and honor a hierarchy. Female inmates value relationships and often form pseudo families, which are units of inmates, formed in a family structure, in order to provide emotional support, economic support or protection.

Restrictive housing

Restrictive housing includes disciplinary or administrative segregation or solitary confinement.