RT 100 Unit 3: Patient Care Ch 12 + 13

Pharmacology and venipuncture

Names such as Motrin, Advil, and Midol are all ____ of ibuprofen because different manufacturers supply the drug.

trade names

Motrin is the brand name while Ibuprofen is the ___.

generic name

Drugs are usually prescribed using their ___ and ___ names.

trade; generic

Drugs such as Tylenol and Ibuprofen are considered safe for self-administration. They would be known as __.

over-the-counter

True or False: Controlled substances are safe for recreational use.

False

Drugs that are heavily documented and restricted due to potential dependence are known as ___.

controlled substances

Which of the follow items are not considered alternative therapies?

a. Dietary and herbal supplements

b. Vitamins

c. Antidepressants

d. Minerals

Antidepressants

True or False: Alternative medications are FDA regulated

False

Name one of the classifications used to classify drugs

a. Safety and toxicity

b. Chemical group

c. Purity

d. Bioavailability

Chemical group

When classifying a drug by its chemical group, you are looking for ___.

what chemical structures make up the drug

When classifying a drug by its cellular mechanism, you are looking for ___.

how it affects certain areas or organs

When classifying a drug by its therapeutic intent, you are looking for __.

what the drug does/how it performs

What is pharmacokinetics?

processes that control absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs by the body

What is pharmacodynamics?

study of the method or mechanism of drug action on living tissue or the responses of tissues to chemical agents

Metals such as barium are considered ____ contrasts because their high atomic weight adds density to the organ and absorb more radiation

positive

Air and other gaseous contrasts are considered ___ because their low atomic weight decreases organ density

negative

True or False; Barium can be ingested and excreted, but not injected because it cannot dissolve

True

If an organ appears white or it cannot be seen through, then the contrast made the organ ___.

radiopaque

If an organ appears darker or it can be seen through, then the contrast made the organ ___.

radiolucent

Which contrast is used to look at the esophagus, GI tract, stomach, and bowels?

barium/positive contrasts

Which contrast is used to look at blood vessels?

iodinated contrast

Different classifications of contrast agents

metals, salts, gaseous

Which contrasts produces more adverse effects?

ionic salt contrast media

Which contrast results in less complications?

nonionic salt contrast media

What patient factors should the technologist consider before administering contrast media?

age, weight, and health status

____ are normal reactions after administering medications/contrast while ___ are extremely abnormal reactions.

side; adverse

When should you call a code on a patient that was given contrast or medication?

a. If the patient has hives or general itchness at injection site

b. If the patient is experiencing seizures and possible cardiac arrest

c. If the patient is coughing or wheezing

d. If the patient is experiencing no symptoms

If the patient is experiencing seizures and possible cardiac arrest

The five rights of drug administration includes making sure you have the right patient, drug and documentation of said drug, dose amount, and route to administer. What does the T stand for?

a. Time

b. Tolerance

c. Technique

d. Treatment

Time

What does the “right patient" refer to according to PDART?

Making sure you're using two form of identification to correctly identify the patient

What does the “right drug and documentation” refer to according to PDART?

Making sure you're giving the correct drug to the patient and accurately documenting administration

What does the “right amount” refer to according to PDART?

Making sure you're giving the correct dose amount to the right patient

What does the “right route" refer to according to PDART?

Making sure you're properly delivering drugs the method they should be administered

What does “right time" refer to according to PDART?

Making sure the timing of administering drugs is correct and accurate

What must you never do when administrating iodinated contrast to a patient?

Leave them alone

Every faciliy will have a ____ full of equipment needed for critical situations.

crash cart

Which of the following is not a route of drug administration?

a. Enteral

b. Topical

c. Digestion

d. Tube or catheter

Digestion

Which of the following are considered enteral routes of drug administration?

a. Buccal

b. Sublingual

c. Oral

d. Rectal

All of them are correct

Which route can be used to introduce contrast into the GI tract and bladder?

tube or catheter

What makes the inhalation route different from the topical route?

Drugs administrated by inhalation go directly to the lungs and trachea

Drugs administrated topically are absorded into the skin or soft tissues without directly going to the lungs or trachea

True or False: All paraenteral do not by-pass the GI tract

False

Expected side effects of contrast media administered by intravascular route are:

a. Feeling of warmth and flushing

b. Feeling of being short of breath

c. Metallic taste in mouth

d. Complaints of itching

A & C

How many times should you check a medication before selecting it?

minimum of 3: before taking it out of storage, before pouring it or drawing it up, and after it has been prepared

What should you do before administrating any constrast media to a patient?

a. Review their age, weight, and health status

b. Explain all side effects to ease anxiety

c. Review history of allergies

d. All of the above

All of the above

What are some reasons for why patients may have IVs when entering into the radiology department?

a. Provide balanced nutrition

b. Flush out toxins

c. Administer undiluated medication quickly

d. None of the above

Provide balanced nutrition

The height from the IV bag on the pole to the vein should between ____.

a. 13 - 20 inches

b. 18 - 24 inches

c. 25 - 40 inches

d. 17- 23 inches

18 - 24 inches

How many drops per minute need to fall in an IV bag?

15 - 20 drops/min

What IV complication occurs when the non-irritating fluid seeps into surrounding tissues?

infiltration

What IV complication occurs when irritating fluid seeps into the surrounding tissue cause possible necrosis or damage to site?

extravasation

True or False: The smaller the lumen or hole in the needle, the larger the gauge size

True

True or False: The bigger the lumen or hole in the needle, the bigger the gauge #

False: bigger lumens are smaller gauge #s

Fluid given continuously over a short period of time is known as a ___.

bolus

Large amounts of fluid given over a longer period of time or intermittently is known as ____.

infusion

Main differences between STAT and ASAP

STAT = requires immediate attention now

ASAP = as soon as possible; wll get to something when able to as soon as possible

What does PRN stand for?

as needed