REDOX reactions
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34 Terms
What is oxidation
A process by which an element loses electrons.
What is reduction
A process by which an element gains electrons.
What happens when sodium is oxidised
Na(s) → Na⁺(aq) + e⁻.
What happens when chlorine is reduced
Cl₂(g) + 2e⁻ → 2Cl⁻(aq).
What is a reducing agent
The element being oxidised that provides electrons to another element.
What is an oxidising agent
The element being reduced that accepts electrons from another element.
Why do oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously
To allow the transfer of valence electrons between species.
What is a redox reaction
A combination of an oxidation half-equation and a reduction half-equation.
Give an example of a redox reaction with magnesium and oxygen
2Mg(s) + O₂(g) → 2Mg²⁺(aq) + 2O²⁻(aq).
Which elements are usually oxidised
Metals in groups 1–2 and 13.
Which elements are usually reduced
Non-metals in groups 15–17.
Why do metals act as reducing agents
Because losing electrons requires less energy and increases stability.
Why do non-metals act as oxidising agents
Because gaining electrons requires less energy and increases stability.
How is oxidation state represented for transition metals
With Roman numerals in brackets after the name.
What is the oxidation number of an unbonded element
0.
What is the oxidation number of hydrogen in compounds
+1 (–1 in metal hydrides).
What is the oxidation number of oxygen in compounds
–2 (–1 in peroxides).
What is the oxidation number of a monoatomic ion
Equal to its charge.
What does a change in oxidation number indicate
A redox reaction has occurred.
What happens if oxidation number increases
The element is oxidised and is the reducing agent.
What happens if oxidation number decreases
The element is reduced and is the oxidising agent.
What is the oxidation number of Na in Na(s)
0.
What is the oxidation number of Cl in Cl₂(g)
0.
What is the oxidation number of H in H₂O
+1.
What is the oxidation number of O in H₂O
–2.
What is the oxidation number of H in NaH
–1.
What is the oxidation number of O in H₂O₂
–1.
What is the oxidation number of S in H₂SO₄
+6.
What is the oxidation number of N in NO₃⁻
+5.
What is the oxidation number of Cr in Cr₂O₇²⁻
+6.
What is the oxidation number of Fe in Fe(OH)₂
+2.
What is the oxidation number of Mn in KMnO₄
+7.
What is the oxidation number of Cu in Cu²⁺
+2.
What is the oxidation number of Al in AlCl₃
+3.