Cardiothoracic Procedures Vocabulary

Flashcards covering the vocabulary of cardiothoracic procedures discussed in the lecture notes.

Thoracic Surgery

Primary focus is the lungs, including treatment of chest wall deformities and identification of lesions within the mediastinum.

Thoracic procedures instrumentation

Instruments needed to remove a rib and expose and repair the organs of the thorax

Atraumatic Clamps

To help facilitate surgery within the thoracic cavity, including the heart, lungs and chest.

Rib Shears

For opening the chest wall during thoracic surgery

Rib Cutters

For cutting through the ribs prior to lifting off the chest plate.

Mediastinoscopy

A procedure used to examine the mediastinum, the space behind the breastbone in the middle of the chest, between the 2 lungs; often performed to obtain tissue samples for biopsy.

Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy

An operation that removes organized clotted blood from the pulmonary arteries, which supply blood to the lungs.

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)

A type of surgery for diagnosing and treating a variety of conditions involving the chest area (thorax).

Bronchoscopy

A technique used to look at your air passages with a small camera that is located at the end of a flexible tube used to diagnose and treat lung problems.

Pneumonectomy

Surgical removal of an entire lung to remove lung masses and growths.

Nuss pectus excavatum repair by VATS

Makes a sunken chest, called pectus excavatum- malformation of the chest wall in which several ribs and the sternum (breastbone), grow abnormally, resulting in a caved-in, or sunken appearance

Lobectomy

A surgery to remove one or more lobes of the lungs and can be used to treat benign and malignant lung diseases.

Decortication of the lung

A type of surgical procedure performed to remove a fibrous tissue that has abnormally formed on the surface of the lung, chest wall or diaphragm.

Lung transplant

A surgical procedure to replace a diseased or failing lung with a healthy lung, usually from a deceased donor; single or double.

Role of the heart within the cardiovascular system

Essential for blood circulation, carries waste substances away from cells to excretory organs for elimination and Brings vital nutrients and oxygen from the respiratory and digestive organs to cells throughout the body

The heart wall: layers

Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

The heart chambers

Two atria and two ventricles

Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB)

The pump generator allows the heart to be stopped so that cardiac procedure can be performed.

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

Cardiac surgical procedure that Improves blood flow to the heart

Valve replacement

Removal of a faulty or damaged valve and replacing it with a new valve made from synthetic materials or animal tissue.

Heart transplant

An operation in which a failing heart is replaced with a healthier donor heart.

Ventricular aneurysm repair

An incision in the chest (sternotomy), removes the weakened area of the ventricle wall, and then sews the walls of the ventricle back together

Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)

A mechanical device that helps the heart pump more blood by controlling blood flow.

MID-CAB Minimally invasive direct CAB (MIDCAB)

Surgery is typically performed when the arteries (left anterior descending (LAD)) at the front of the heart are blocked.

Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB)

Called “Beating Heart” surgery - a coronary artery revascularization that is performed on a beating heart.

Ventricular assist device (VAD) insertion

Are mechanisms that help the heart pump enough blood, enabling patients with end-stage heart failure to live longer and feel better.

Repair of ASD

To close an atrial septal defect (ASD). An ASD is a hole in the heart between the two upper chambers.

Repair of VSD

Repairs an abnormal hole between the left and right ventricles of the heart

Closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Closed with surgery or by catheter. A PDA allows blood to flow between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, leading to an increase in flow in the lung circulation.

Repair of coarctation of the aorta

Is a narrowing of the aorta

Repair of TOF (Repair of tetralogy of Fallot)

Related heart defects change the way blood flows to the lungs and through the heart, repaired through open -heart surgery soon after birth or later in infancy.