Roman Republic Part 1

Titus Tatius

Sabine king that shares rule of Rome with Romulus, eventually murdered

Quirites

A word for Roman citizens, named after a Sabine city

Numa

2nd king of Rome, religious law giver

Interrex

“Between kings” position that oversees 5 day consul elections during emergencies

Domi vs. Militae

At home and abroad

Evocatio

Inviting divinities of a city to join Rome before going to war with that city

Servius Tullius

6th king, installed hoplite warfare, centuries, and the comitia centuriata

Battle at Lake Regillus

499 or 496, Latin cities gang up on Rome after last king is expelled. Roman Victory

Licinian Sextian Laws

367, limit on ager publicus, debts only pay back capital, officially always 2 consuls elected

Capture of Veii

396, 10 year war against the Etruscans, introduced daily pay for soldiers

Battle at River Allia

390 or 386, Gauls defeat Romans

M. Furius Camillus

Leads final victory at Veii as dictator, called on again to get the Gauls out of Rome

Velites

Lowest wealth class in army, lightly armoured, throw spears from a distance, first ranks

Hastatis

Second lowest rank of soldiers, 1200 of them, front ranks after initial assault

Principles

Experienced rank of soldiers, in their prime, 1200 of them

Triarii

Oldest rank in army, 600 of them, at the back, might not have engaged enemy

Maniple

120 people, made of 2 centuries of 60 men

Latin war

341 - 338, Rome has decisive victory over Latin cities, Rome will bargain with each individually

Battle at Caudine Forks

321 - humiliating surrender, Samnite Victory

Battle of Sentinum

295, Rome defeats a coalition of Samnites, Etruscans, Gauls and others in 3rd Samnite war

Q. Hortensius

Plebeian dictator, during 5th secession of the plebs, makes Lex Hortensia, 287, plebiscites are Law for everyone

War with Pyrrhus

280-275, Macedonian King helps Greek cities in Italy fight against Rome. Roman Victory.

First Punic War

264-241, over Sicily. Pretence of Rome aiding Messana

Battle of Mylae

260, Rome used the Corvus to gain victory in naval combat against Carthage

Battle of Ecnomus

256, largest sea battle until Actium, Roman victory led by Consul Regulus

Battle of the Aegates islands

241, Roman fleet ambushes Carthaginian fleet, Roman victory, end of 1st Punic war

Mercenary War

241-238, in Carthage, Hamilcar Barca ends it ruthlessly

Fabius Pictor

Wrote in Greek about Hannibalic wars, one of Polybius’ sources, no work survives today

Philinus

Source for Polybius, works don’t survive, pro-Carthaginian account of Punic Wars

Battle of Trebbia

218, Romans lured out to ground favourable for Hannibal. Carthaginian Victory

Battle of Lake Trasimene

217, Romans ambushed by Hannibal, 2 legions lost, Carthaginian Victory

Q. Fabius Maximus Cunctator

Dictator known as the delayed, during Hannibal’s time in south Italy

C. Terentius Varro

On of the consuls at Cannae, eager to fight, ran in the battle, said to be plebeian

L. Aemilius Paulus

Consul at Cannae, not over-anxious for battle, died in battle, said to be Patrician

Battle of Baecula

208, Scipio defeats Hasdrubal who flees

Battle at Metaurus

207, Rome cuts of Hasdrubal after he crosses the alps. Roman Victory, Hasdrubal dies

Battle of Zama

Hannibal vs Scipio, reverse of Cannae, Roman Victory

Masinissa

King of Numidia, provides cavalry to Rome in Zama, rewarded with Carthaginian land

Third Punic war

149-146, Rome attacks and annexes Carthage

1st Macedonian War

215-205, Philip V allies with Hannibal. Aetolian league help Rome fight him

2nd Macedonian War

200-197, Against Philip V. Rome allies with Aetolian league, later Achaean league

T. Quinctius Flamininus

General at Cynoscephalae. Quaestor, then consul. Later aids Achaeans against Sparta and goes to Isthmian games