Rizal's 1887-1888 Travels and Contributions in Asia and America

When did Rizal decide to return to the Philippines?

August 1887

What was the name of the train Rizal took from Rome to Marseilles?

Djemmah

What was Rizal's first medical patient upon returning to the Philippines?

His mother, who had double cataracts.

What was Rizal's professional fee for treating poor patients?

A simple 'thank you' was enough.

What did Rizal build for the youth in Calamba?

A gymnasium to discourage gambling.

What was the title of Rizal's controversial novel?

Noli Me Tangere

Who summoned Rizal to Malacanang regarding the controversy of his novel?

Governor-General Emilio Terrero

What accusations were made against Rizal's novel?

It was accused of having subversive ideas against the Church and Spanish government.

• lead to the Kind governor assigning a bodyguard for him

Who was the Manila Archbishop that scrutinized Noli Me Tangere?

Msgr. Pedro Payo

What was the outcome of the censorship commission regarding Noli Me Tangere?

The novel was recommended to be banned.

What was the effect of the ban on Noli Me Tangere?

It increased curiosity among Filipinos to read the novel.

Who were some of Rizal's enemies from the Church?

Manila Archbishop Msgr. Pedro Payo, UST Rector Fr. Domingo Echevarria, Fr. Salvador Font, and Fr. Jose Rodriguez.

Who were Rizal's allies in defending his novel?

Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Fr. Francisco Sanchez.

When did Rizal sail to Hong Kong for the second time? What steamship did he go to?

February 3, 1888. Steamship Zafiro

What hotel did Rizal register at in Hong Kong?

Victoria Hotel

What was Rizal's impression of Hong Kong?

It was noisy with celebrations and had rich Dominican friars. Catholics own most extravagant cemeteries.

Who did Rizal meet in Japan that became significant in his life?

O-Sei-San (Seiko Usui) - A 23-year-old woman

What did Rizal think about the Spanish Legation's invitation in Japan?

He suspected it was a way for Spanish officials to track him.

What did Rizal write about his feelings for O-Sei-San?

He expressed deep affection and a longing for her in his diary.

Who was Tetcho Suehiro?

A Japanese journalist and friend of Rizal.

What was the reason for the quarantine of Rizal's ship upon arriving in San Francisco?

There were 600 potential illegal Chinese immigrants on board.

Who did Rizal meet at the Palace Hotel in San Francisco?

Mr. Leland Stanford, the founder of Stanford University.

What were Rizal's impressions of America?

He noted its natural beauty, energy, and opportunities, but also racial discrimination.

When did Rizal arrived in Manila?

August 6, 1888

People called Rizal __ having arrived from Germany

Dr. Uleman

Who was Rizal’s bodyguard in PH?

Young Spanish lieutenant, Don Jose Taviel de Andrade

• Became true friends in no time since they have common interests

He sent a copy to the __ for the Noli me tangere examination

UST Fr. Rector Gregorio Echevarria

• he found the novel heretical, impious, and scandalous

The Governor sent the novel for further assessment to the ___ composed of priests and laymen headed by Fr. Salvador Font, Tondo parish priest.

Permanent Commission on Censorship

published an anti-noli pamphlet entitle “Caiingat Cayo”

• states that whoever reads the novel commits a mortal sin

Fr. Jose Rodriguez

Spanish writer who openly criticized the novel in the Spanish Newspaper La Esperanza Moderna

Vicente Barrantes

uses pen name Dolores Manapat , published a pamphlet entitled “Caiigat Cayo” that refuted and ridiculed Fr. Rodriguez’ “Caiingat Cayo”

Marcelo H. Del Pilar

Allis of Dr. Jose Rizal

Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Fr. Francisco Sanchez

In Hongkong, he was accompanied by __ to Macau, a former Portuguese colony

Jose Maria Basa

For their short trip on Macau with Basa, they rode the ferry

Kiu-Kiang

Who did Rizal and Basa visited in Macau?

Don Juan Francisco Lecaros, former Filipino delegate to the Spanish Cortes

Terrero’s former secretary that spied on Rizal’s in the said colonies

Jose Sainz de Veranda

Following Macau trip at almost three weeks, he left the Hongkong and sailed to Japan with what steamship?

Oceanic steamship

What country does Secretary Juan Perez Caballero invited Rizal to live at the Spanish Legation

Japan

Filipino entertainers in japan

Strolling at the park in Tokyo

• Performers played Wester Strauss Music — Rare occasion in the country

  • Musicians then start talking in Tagalog

  • Rizal introduced himself since they were Filipinos

Tomodachi meaning

Friend(s)

What is the name of the ship that Rizal boarded going to the United States?

Belgic

Who is Tetcho Suehiro?

• Japanese journalist who was sent to exile for his anti-government articles

• Became friends

What are the books of Tetcho Suehiro?

“The Deaf Traveler” - mentioned his travel with Rizal

“Storm Over the Southern Seas” - similar plot to Noli

When did the Belgic docked at San Francisco, California?

April 28, 1888

What happened during the time they docked at US?

• were not allowed to disembark since they learned there are 600 potential illegal Chinese immigrants

Where did Rizal registered himself at US where he even met the founder of the Stanford Universitty, Mr. Leland Stanford

Palace Hotel

Impression of America

• maintained its beauty in spite of industrial and technological advancements

• land of great opportunities

• racial discrimination

  • energy and diligence of the people

How long did Rizal lived in London?

May 1888 to May 1889

Three reasons why he chose to live in London (May 1888 - March 1889)

1. Improve his knowledge of the English language

2. To study and annotate Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, rare copy available in the British Museum

3. London was a safe place for him to carry on his fight against Spanish tyranny

Rizal arrived at Liverpool, England from a tiring trip across the Atlantic Ocean. Which he then moved to London the next day

May 24, 1888

Where did Rizal stayed during his life in London?

Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor

An 1872 exile due to Cavite Mutiny and a lawyer in London

Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor

After staying at Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, Jose Rizal boarded at the home of the

Beckett’s at Primrose Hill

The Beckett family had three daughters, the eldest was ___ who had an affection for Rizal

Gertrude or Gettie

The Beckett home was conveniently located a walking distance to the ___ where he intended to have some studies.

British Museum

He met ___, the librarian of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the British Museum.

• Notable authority on Malayan culture

• became friends as they shared common sentiments on Malayan Race

Dr. Reinhold Rost

Letter from Home: The Bad news

• Persecution of Filipino farmers signed the Anti-Friar Petition of 1888 led by Doroteo Cortez

• Calamba tenants being persecuted by the Dominican management, including the Rizal family

• Manuel Hidalgo (Saturnina’s husband) was exiled to Bohol

• Laureano Viado, a UST medical student and friend of Rizal was jailed for having a copy of the Noli

Letter from home: the Good news

• Rev Vicente Garcia — authority of Theology from the Manila Cathedral came to the defense of Noli Me Tangere against the attacks of the friars

• Knowledge of the country’s history was an essential tool needed by Rizal to effectively campaign for people’s honor and pride.

• He engaged in extensive research about the Philippines at the British Museum

• He copied and annotated the 1609 edition of Antonio de Morga’s

Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas

• A 17th century Spanish official and historian in the Philippines

• His historical accounts were considered as one of the most objective during the Spanish period.

• His book contained accounts of two of the earliest writings of pre-colonial Philippines.

Antonio De Morga

Chronicler of Ferdinand Magellan’s Expedition

Antonio Pigafetta

Served during Governor Miguel Lopez de Legaspi’s Administration

Gaspar de San Agustin

Their writings (Pigafetta and San Agustin) described the early life and industry of the Filipinos that proved the following points:

1. That the early Filipinos were engaged in trade with other Asian neighbors.

2. nThat the domiant religion in Manila, the Visayas and Mindanao was Islam; and

3. That there was already an organized political government in the country called barangay headed by a rajah or a datu.

Rizal also noted that a Chinese chronicle of the 12ᵗʰ century mentioned that the people of Luzon were

honest and hardworking

Rizal also wrote many articles for the La Solidaridad to counter the attacks of Fr. Rodriguez on the Noli, generally entitled

Cuestiones de Sumo Interes

Wrote a pamphlet entitled “La Vision del Fray Rodriguez,” using the penname __

• written to ridicule standpoint of Fr. Rodriguesz

Dimasalang

Rizal wrote this in which he encouraged the women to pursue their education and not merely blind followers of the friars

“To the Women of Malolos”

He contributed articles to the Trubners Record, related to Asian Studies such as the __

Two Eastern Fables

Specimens of Tagala Folklore

Rizal decided to leave London to see the __

Paris Universal Exposition

In Paris, he continued his research at the __ to check on Morga’s book.

Biblioteque Nationale

During the Paris Exposition of 1889, Rizal also spent time with his friends; and visited the__

Boustead family at Rue de Bassin

While in the Paris, Rizal also attended the inauguration of the Eiffel tower that was headed by French President

Marie François Sadi Carno

The tower was built by ___ and was constructed at the beginning of 1887 to 1889.

Alexandre Gustave Eiffel

Rizal organized a social group with his fellow Filipinos in Paris by the end of March 1889, he called it the __

• temporary society to simply unite Filipinos in Paris during International Exposition

Kidlat Club

While touring the Paris exposition, Rizal and Juan Luna attended the

American Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show

The show: American Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show, featured the proud, powerful and brave Indians headed by ___ a former Indian Chief

Sitting Bull

Realizing that the Indians are proud and brave, Rizal and Luna decided to rename the Kidlat Club and adapt the name ___ as Filipinos was also referred as “Indios” by the Spaniards

“Indios Bravos”

__ was a cold winter in Paris

December 25, 1889

Rizal and Jose Alberto planned to have a delightful __ which had Fried Chicken, Rice, and vegetables

• then after New year, Rizal went to london then to paris again

Yuletide dinner.

On January 28, he went to __ on the reason that he can’t stay in Paris any longer for it was too expensive

Brussels, Belgium

During his stay in Brussels, Belgium, Rizal boarded at what residence?

Jacoby residence

• Owned by Suzanne and Catherine Jacoby with their 17-year-old niece name Suzanna Thill

• delighted with Rizal’s presence

While in Brussels, Rizal spent most of his time trying to finish __  the sequel of Noli Me Tangere

El Filibusterismo

He gave Valentin Ventura a sculpture

“The triumph of Science over death”

A fortnightly newspaper that serves as the official voice of the Propagandists, founded by ___

• Heralded the demand of the illustrados to push for reforms in the Philippines.

Graciano Lopez Jaena

Editor-in-Chief of La Solidaridad

1st

Graciano Lopez Jaena

Editor-in-Chief of La Solidaridad

2nd

Marcelo H. Del Pilar succeeded Jaena

Editor-in-Chief of La Solidaridad

3rd

Jose Rizal

Contributors of La Solidaridad

Mariano Ponce

Eduardo De Lete

Jose Maria Panganiban

(The Filipino Farmers) described the deplorable farmers’ conditions

Los Agricultores Filipinos

(Truth for All) — Written to oppose insulting discussion of the Spaniards to the Native Filipinos

La Verdad Para Todos

(A Desecration) - attack against friars’ refusal to bury Mariano Herbosa in a Catholic cemetery

Una Profanacion

(Differences) an article countered the biased article entitled “Old Truths” which was printed in La Patria on August 14, 1889

Diferencias

(The Philippines A Century Hence) - Rizal estimated the future of the Philippines in the span of a hundred years and foretold the catastrophic end of Spanish rule in Asia. He ‘prophesied’ Filipinos’ revolution against Spain, winning their independence, but later the Americans would come as the new colonizer.The essay also talked about the glorious past of the Philippines, recounted the deterioration of the economy, and exposed the causes of natives’ sufferings under the cruel Spanish rule

Filipinas Dentro de Cien Anos

(No name)

Sin nombre

(Ingratitude) - article was the hero’s reply to Governor General Weyler who told the people in Calamba that they “should not allow themselves to be deceived by the vain promises of their ungrateful sons.

Ingratitudes

(On the New Orthography of the Tagalog Language)

Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagala(

(Things about the Ph)

Cosas de Filipinas

(On the Indolence of the Filipinos) - an essay that rationally countered the accusations by Spaniards that Filipinos were indolent (lazy) during the Spanish reign

Sobre la Indolencia delos Filipinos

(To La Defensa) - This was in response to the anti-Filipino writing by Patricio de la Escosura published by La Defensa on March 30, 1889 issue

A la Defensa

(Cruelty) - written to defend his friend Blumentritt from defamatory insulting attacks of the latter’s enemy.

Crueldad