Physics: Space Physics (P8)

The solar system is:

everything that orbits the sun

In the solar system there are:

the Sun, eight planets dwarf planets that orbit around the Sun. Natural satellites, the moons that orbit planets, artificial satellites

How is a star formed

dust and gas pulled together by gravitational attraction

life cycle of a star (start with sun size then bigger than sun)

protostar

main sequence star red giant white dwarf black dwarf red super giant supernova neutron star black hole

1) Stars initially form from a _______ called a (_______)

2) _____ pulls the ____ and _________ to form a _____. The _____ ______ as the star gets _______ and more _____ ______. When the ________ is _______ enough ________ _______ undergo ______ _____. This forms _____ ____ which gives out ________ which keeps the _____ of the star _____.

cloud of dust and gas nebula, gravity dust gas protostar temperature rises denser particles collide star hot hydrogen nuclei nuclear fusion helium nuclei lots of energy core hot,

3) Star enters a ____ ____ period. The _____ _____ from _____ _____(radiation pressure remember this is what the MS scheme says) ______ the _____ _____ of ______. They are at e_________. This is called a ____ _____ star. lasts _____ __ ____.

4)____ begins to _____ ____. Star ____ into a _____ _____(same size as sun) or a ___ _____ ____(bigger than sun) it becomes _____ because the _____ _____. Then _____ elements up to iron created in ______. n_______ f_______ of ___

long stable outward pressure nuclear fusion balances inward force gravity equilibrium main sequence billions of years, Hydrogen run out swells red giant super red giant red surface cools down heavier core nuclear fusion heleim

5)(sun size star) becomes ______, ____ _____ ____ ____. leaving behind a ___ ___ ___ ___ - a ___ ____. This ___ down, ____ less ____ and becomes a ____ ____.

6) (bigger star) starts to ___ _____, undergo more n_____ F______, ____ and _____ several times. EAVENTUALY EXPLODE INTO A ________ forming elements ____ than _____ and _______ then into the universe to ______ new ______ and ______.

7) (bigger stars) This leaves behind a ___ ___ ___ called a ____ ____. If the star is d____ enough it will become a ___ ___ - super dense point in space.

unstable ejects outer layers of dust and gas hot dense solid core white dwarf cools emits energy black dwarf glow brightly nuclear fusion expand and contract supernova heavier iron ejecting form planets stars dense hot core neutron star dense black hole

nuclear fusion

Why is it important?

when nuclei combine to form a single atomic nucleus

energy producing process

Why is the presence of elements heavier than iron evidence solar system came from a star exploding?

elements heavier than iron can only be formed when a missive star explodes

satellite-

natural satellite-

artificial satellite-

body that orbits the planet not man amde humans have built

when a satellite orbits the plane the ___ remains ____ but the satellite is ____ _____ ______ so it is ____ ____ ____. The force that keeps an object moving in a circle is called a _____ force .This force acts ….

planet speed constant constantly changing direction constantly changing velocity centripetal towards the centre of the earth

2 factors that determine the size of the centripetal force

speed/velocity of satellite radius of orbit

Explain why the velocity of the satellite changes as it orbits the planet?

gravity causes the satellite to accelerate acceleration causes a change in direction velocity changes because direction changes

the ____ you get to a star or planet the ______ the _____ ____ is. . ____ the force, _______ the orbiting so it _____ in orbit.

If the _____ changes the ___ of the orbit must too.

closer stronger gravitational force stronger faster remains speed size

explain why a star remains stable

gravitational forces inward balances radiation pressure outwards

polar orbits-

satellite over the earths poles high speeds used for close monitoring of earth military.

geostationary -

take 24 hours to orbit so satellite appears to remain in same part of sky , orbit higher travel slower, sued for most weather applications and mobile internet

wavelength-

length of one complete wave. this effects the pitch of sound and colour of light.

red shift

the increase in the observed wavelength of a light source when it moves away from an observer; the spectral lines move toward the red end

blue shift

the decrease in the observed wavelength of a light source when it moves towards an observer; the spectral lines move toward the blue end

Doppler effect

When the car moves towards you, the wavelength ______ so sounds _____ ____

when the car moves away from you the wavelength so sounds _____ _____

decreases higher pitch increases lower pitch

The universe is ____. When scientists observe ___ from distant ____, they find the _______ has ____. They are ____- they have _____ to the ___ _____of the spectrum. This suggests the source of ____ is ____ ___. More ____ galaxies have greater ___ ____ than closer galaxies.

expanding wavelength galaxies increases longer shifted red end light moving away distant red shifts

Bing bang theory is a theory that …

describes the early development of the earth. The discovery of red shift led to the development of the bbt

The bang theory states that …

1 all matter occupied verry small space that was verry dense and so verry hot. 2 it exploded and space started expanding - still happenign

_____ ____ is the substance scientists believe ____ ____ ____ ______.

D____ ____ is the substance scientists believe responsible for the …..

dark matter holds the galaxy together dark energy universe expanding

Cosmic microwave background radiation

remains of thermal enrgy from bbt can only be explained by bbt so provides strong support for the theory.

big crunch

gravitational attraction between all objects will slow to a stop, attracting everything back together in a 'Big Crunch'.

HOW TO REMEBR PLANETS

MY VERY EASY METHOD JUST SPEEDS UP NAMING PLANETS