Physics unit 1
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104 Terms
Absolute Error
the absolute value of the difference between an observed value of a quantity and the true value
Accuracy
the degree to which the result of a measurement, calculation, or specification conforms to the correct value or a standard.
Circumference
the enclosing boundary of a curved geometric figure, especially a circle.
Cosine
the trigonometric function that is equal to the ratio of the side adjacent to an acute angle (in a right-angled triangle) to the hypotenuse.
Dependent Variable
a variable (often denoted by y ) whose value depends on that of another.
Derived Unit
A derived unit is a unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) that is derived from one or more of the seven base units.
Diameter
a straight line passing from side to side through the center of a body or figure, especially a circle or sphere.
Dimensional Analysis
analysis using the fact that physical quantities added to or equated with each other must be expressed in terms of the same fundamental quantities (such as mass, length, or time) for inferences to be made about the relations between them.
Direct Relationship
A direct relationship means that both variables increase together or both decrease together. In a direct relationship, Y increases when X increases. On a graph, a direct relationship always has a positive slope.
Direct Square Relationship
y=kx^2
Energy
power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines.
Fundamental Units
one of a set of unrelated units of measurement, which are arbitrarily defined and from which other units are derived. For example, in the SI system the fundamental units are the meter, kilogram, and second.
Horizontal Component of a Vector
The 𝑥 -component, or the horizontal component, of a vector is the size of the vector in the 𝑥 -direction.
Hypothesis
a proposed explanation for a phenomenon
Independent Variable
a variable (often denoted by x ) whose variation does not depend on that of another.
Inverse Relationship
a situation where if one variable increases, the other tends to decrease
Inverse Square Relationship
that a specified physical quantity is inversely proportional to the square of another
Line or Curve of Best Fit
a straight line that minimizes the distance between it and some data. The line of best fit is used to express a relationship in a scatter plot of different data points.
Linear Relationship
a statistical term used to describe a straight-line relationship between two variables
Mass
a measurement of how much matter is in an object
Matter
a substance made up of various types of particles that occupies physical space and has inertia
Measurement
the determination of the size or magnitude of something
Metric System
a system used for measuring distance, length, volume, weight and temperature. It is based on three basic units with which we can measure almost everything in the world
Percent Error
the difference between estimated value and the actual value in comparison to the actual value and is expressed as a percentage.
Physics
the branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy. The subject matter of physics, distinguished from that of chemistry and biology, includes mechanics, heat, light and other radiation, sound, electricity, magnetism, and the structure of atoms.
Precision
how close measurements of the same item are to each other
Pythagorean Theorem
a^2 + b^2 = c^2
Quadratic Relationship
a mathematical relation between two variables that follows the form of a quadratic equation
Relative Precision
the ratio of a measurement's precision and the measurement itself.
Rest
An object is said to be at rest if it does not change its position with respect to its surroundings with time.
Scalar Quantity
quantities that are fully described by a magnitude (or numerical value) alone.
Scientific Fact
an observation that's been confirmed so many times that scientists can, for all intents and purposes, accept it as "true."
Scientific Law
a statement that describes an observable occurrence in nature that appears to always be true
Scientific Method
a method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.
Scientific Notation
a way of writing very large or very small numbers. A number is written in scientific notation when a number between 1 and 10 is multiplied by a power of 10.
Scientific Theory
a structured explanation to explain a group of facts or phenomena in the natural world that often incorporates a scientific hypothesis and scientific laws
Significant Digits
each of the digits of a number that are used to express it to the required degree of accuracy, starting from the first nonzero digit
Sine
the trigonometric function that is equal to the ratio of the side opposite a given angle (in a right triangle) to the hypotenuse.
Slope
the ratio of the change in the y-axis to the change in the x-axis
Square Root Relationship
y = k√x
Stop
when velocity = 0
Unit
standards for measurement of physical quantities that need clear definitions to be useful.
Vector Quantity
The physical quantities for which both magnitude and direction are defined distinctly
Vertical Component of a Vector
The 𝑦 -component, or the vertical component, of a vector is the size of the vector in the 𝑦 -direction.
Weight
Weight is the Gravitational force with which the Earth attracts the masses towards its center.
y = mx + b
slope formula
y = ax2 + bx +c
parabola formula