AP Lab #7

According to Boyle’s law, what is the relationship between pressure and volume of gas?

Pressure and Volume are inversely proportional.

When the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases. According to Boyle’s law, how would this affect the pressure in the lungs?

Pressure decreases

At rest, the pressure outside the lungs is equal to the pressure inside the lungs. Which direction would air move at rest, if at all?

No movement

During what phase of ventilation would there be no air movement into or out of the lungs?

At rest

In what direction, if any, would air move if the pressure outside of the lungs is greater than the pressure inside of the lungs?

Air would move into the lungs

In what direction, if any, would air move if the pressure inside of the lungs was greater than the pressure outside of side the lungs?

air would move out of the lungs

What happens to the volume and air pressure of the lungs when the diaphragm relaxes?

Volume decreases, and pressure increases

__________ is a common lung disease characterized by inflammation, and is caused by allergies, infections, and pollutants.

Asthma

Acute __________ is characterized by inflammation of the air passageways mainly caused by viral or bacterial respiratory infections.

Bronchitis

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, also known as COPD, is a group of diseases that are characterized by difficulty breathing and exhaling. Chronic bronchitis, a form of COPD, is mainly caused by _____________.

smoking

_________________ is a rare hereditary (genetic) lung disease that causes an excess production of mucus resulting in blockage of airways.

Cystic Fibrosis

Frontal Sinus

Oropharynx

Trachea

Nasopharynx

Larynx

Epiglottis

Trachea

Cricoid cartilage

Tracheal cartilage

Thyroid cartilage

Cricoid cartilage

Epiglottis

Superior Lobe of Right Lung

Inferior Lobe of Right Lung

Oblique Fissure of left lung

Inferior Lobe of left lung

Apex of left lung

Middle Lobe of Right lung

Superior lobe of left lung

Horizontal Fissure of Right lung

Apex of Right lung

Inferior lobe of left lung

 

oblique fissure of right lung

True or False? During quiet breathing, expiration is an active process?

False

What muscles need to contract for quiet breathing while resting?

Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

What muscles need to contract for deep inspiration while steadily kayaking across a lake?

Diaphragm
Scalenes
External intercostal muscles
Sternocleidomastoid muscles

What muscles need to contract for forced expiration while practicing yoga?

Internal and External obliques
Internal intercostal muscles
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis

True or False? Atmospheric pressure is the air pressure surrounding us.

True

Air pressure found within the pleural cavity is called ____________.

intrapleural pressure

The minimal lung volume that cannot be expired is _____________.

Residual volume

The resting lung volume in which the respiratory muscles are relaxed is _____________.

Functional residual capacity

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath is _____________.

Tidal volume

The maximum amount of air that you can inhale and then exhale is ______________.

Vital capacity

The volume of air occupying the airways without alveoli is _______________.

Anatomical dead space

A person’s lung inflation will ___________ with increased fibrous connective tissue.

Decrease

A person’s lung inflation will __________ with paralysis of external intercostal muscles.

Decrease

A person’s lung inflation will __________ with decreased levels of surfactant.

decrease

Asthma is a respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. Asthma would cause resistance to _____________.

increase

True or False? Increased bronchiole resistance makes it harder for air to flow to the lungs.

True

Pulmonary fibrosis is a lung disease that occurs when lung tissue becomes damaged and scarred. This thickened, stiff tissue makes it more difficult for lungs to inflate properly. As pulmonary fibrosis worsens, a person will become progressively short of breath. Pulmonary fibrosis would cause lung compliance to _____________.

Decrease

What effect will pulmonary fibrosis have on vital capacity?

It will decrease

Contraction of which muscles would decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity?

Abdominal muscles and internal intercostals

What occurs when intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure?

Air will move out of the lungs during expiration

Which of the following refers to the friction gas molecules encounter as they flow along the airways?

Resistance

What could be administered during an allergic response to dilate the airways and make it easier to breathe?

Epinephrine