Week 4 lecture quiz 11.4

What secretes catecholamine hormones?

adrenal medulla

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

catecholamine hormones

What secretes steroid hormones that participate in the regulation of energy balance

Adrenal cortex

What does the adrenal cortex secrete?

steroid hormones that participate in the regulation of energy balance

What are paired organs that cap the superior borders of the kidneys consists of an outer cortex and inner medulla that function as separate glands?

adrenal glands

What are the 3 zones of the adrenal cortex?

zona glomerulosa, zona fasiculata, zona reticularis

What is the outer zone of the adrenal cortex?

zona glomerulosa

What is the middle zone of the adrenal cortex?

zona fasiculata

What is the inner zone of the renal cortex?

zona reticularis

What are the 3 functional categories of corticosteroids?

mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and adrenal androgens

Function of mineralocorticoids?

regulate sodium and potassium balance

Which category of corticosteroids regulates sodium and potassium balance?

mineralocorticoids

Function of glucocorticoids?

regulates metabolism of glucose and other organic materials

Which category of corticosteroids regulates metabolism of glucose and other organic molecules?

glucocorticoids

Function of adrenal androgens?

weak androgens that supplement and sex steroids secreted by the gonads

Which category of corticosteroids are weak androgens that supplement the sex steroids secreted by androgens?

adrenal androgens

What is the most potent mineralocorticoid?

aldosterone

What if the function of aldosterone?

regulates electrolyte balance

Which zone of the adrenal cortex are mineralocorticoids produced by?

zona glomerulosa

How does aldosterone regulate electrolyte balance?

stimulates kidneys to retain sodium and water while exerting potassium in the urine

What is the predominant glucocorticoids in humans?

cortisol

Which part of the adrenal cortex secretes cortisol?

zona fasiculata

What stimulates the release of cortisol?

ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone

When is cortisol secreted?

during stressed

What are the two hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Which catecholamine hormone is released in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation fight-or-flight (adrenaline)?

epinephrine

What is a specific response of the body to non specific stressors, involving activation of the hypothalamus - pituitary - adrenal

general adaptation syndrome

What are the 3 stages of GAS - general adaptation syndrome e

alarm reaction, resistance stage, exhaustion stage

What occurs during the alarm reaction of general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?

fight-or-flight is activated

What occurs during the resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome (GAS), what is released and from where?

secretion of CRH (hypothalamus), ACTH (anterior pituitary), corticosteroids (adrenal cortex)

What occurs during the exhaustion stage of general adaption syndrome (GAS)?

readjustment isn’t complete = sickness or death