BIOL 351 PreLab 1-15 [TAMU]

(1) Students will receive a safety violation for all of the following EXCEPT:

Getting out your phone or electronic device one or two steps after exiting the lab room

(1) If you are absent, what should you do? Choose all that apply.

1. Complete the Lab Make-up Request Form within 48 hours

2. If I know about my absence in advance, I need to contact Lacy at least 72 hours before the absence

(1) True or False - Assignments will only be reopened only if you have a note that excuses you for the entire time the assignment is available.

True

(1) What is a viable excuse for missing lab? Choose all that apply.

1. Illness

2. Professional school interview

3. Illness or death of an immediate family member

(1) If you don't agree with a grade you receive or how a question was graded, what is the proper protocol as listed in the syllabus?

1. E-mail the TA and include the question that is being challenged along with an explanation

2. If the TA is not willing to change the grade, e-mail Lacy the grade challenge and include the TA's response. The grade challenge will then be review by the Lab Director.

(1) What is required if you have technical problems during an online assignment?

1. Include a screenshot of the problem in the e-mail

2. E-mail before the due date/time

3. Include the course and section number when e-mailing

(2) Where would you expect to find a saprophyte organism?

In soil

(2) Which of the following things below would result in a pure culture?

A completely isolated colony growing on a plate

(2) Microorganims are ubiquitous. This means they would be found in which of the following places?

(a) Soil

(b) The body

(c) On an aluminum railing

(d) a and b

All of the above

(2) Some bacteria can lyse (break down) red blood cells in a process called hemolysis. Match the following descriptions of hemolysis with the correct outcome on a blood agar plate:

α hemolysis

β hemolysis

ϒ hemolysis

1. There will be a greenish colored zone around the bacterial growth due to incomplete lysis of the red blood cells.

2. The blood agar plate will show clear around the bacterial growth due to complete hemolysis of the red blood cells

3. The blood agar plate will show no hemolysis

(3) Which of the following things is a safe practice when transferring cultures?

Hold the inoculating loop like a pencil

(3) The handles of inoculating loops can get very hot. How hot can your inoculating loop get if you leave it in the incinerator for a really long time?

close to 800*

(3) When a cap is removed from a tube in the transfer process, where does that cap go?

It is held by the pinky finger of your loop hand

(3) What is the appropriate time to flame your inoculating loop when transferring your culture

Both before and after you transfer the bacteria

(3) In your epi-tubes you are transferring continually more dilute samples from tube to tube. According to your spread plate protocol, which of the following represents the order of tubes from most concentrated to most dilute?

Tube order: A,B,C,D

(3) Which of the following morphology terms would describe a tiny pinpoint colony?

punctiform

(3) Match the media type below with its intended purpose?

Plates

Agar Slants

Broths

1. Used to isolate species

2. Used when you want to grow a culture to store in the refrigerator

3. Used to grow cultures

(4) What does CFU stand for?

Colony forming units

(4) The purpose of the streak plate method is to isolate individual colonies. Which of the following things is NOT true about the streak plate method?

Your most isolated colonies should appear in quadrant 1

(4) When counting cells on a Pour Plate, what do you do with the small colonies you can see embedded in the agar?

You add them to the total count

(4) How often should you sterilize your loop when doing a streak plate?

At the beginning, every time you change quadrants, and at the end

(4) What will the concentration of your most dilute plate be in THIS protocol?

10^-6

(5) There is only ONE objective you should use when using lens immersion oil. The oil will damage all other objectives. How would you identify the only lens in which you would use immersion oil?

It has a black and white ring around it

(5) How would you calculate the total magnification of a microscope?

You multiply the magnification of the Ocular lens by the magnification of the Objective lens

(5) What would you use to clean lens immersion oil off of your objective lens before putting your microscope away?

Special lens paper

(5) What is an ocular micrometer?

It is a ruler

(5) How much distance is between each line in an ocular micrometer?

You can't answer this unless you know the calibration for what magnification you are on

(5) What kind of microscope will you be using in this laboratory exercise?

A light microscope

(6) Which of the following is the reason a simple stain will stick to a bacteria?

They are positively charged and the bacteria are negatively charged

(6) How much water would you use on a slide when doing a bacterial smear procedure?

A very small amount

(6) What is the correct term for a chemical that helps to fix another chemical in place by complexing with it?

mordant

(6) After which of the following steps in the Gram stain process could you detect a difference between Gram + and Gram- bacteria if you looked really hard?

After de-colorization with alcohol

(6) Which of the following is NOT a source of getting a poor/ inconsistent Gram stain?

Making sure to air dry the smear before heat fixing

(6) Which of the following explanations is correct as to how a negative stain works?

They are negatively charged and therefore are repelled by the bacteria, and surround it so that it stands out.

(6) Under which circumstances would you choose a negative stain protocol over a Gram stain?

If the bacteria would lose their delicate shape or shrink when heat fixing

(7) Match the organism with the media that is specifically designed for it:

Glycerol Yeast Extract Agar (GYE)

Triptic Soy Agar (TSA)

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA)

1. actinomycetes

2. bacteria

3. fungi

(7) You will only add antibiotics to your Sabouraud media (SDA). All of the following explain why except one. Which one is NOT a reason you only want to add antibiotics to the SDA plate?

Because it would turn the GYE plates black and your results will be hard to see

(7) What does MPN stand for?

Most Probable Number

(7) Which of the following characteristics would be FALSE for a coliform?

It would be a Gram+ organism

(8) What does the Kirby-Bauer method test for?

It tests for how well an antibiotic works against a particular organism

(8) Which of the following statements about antibiotic resistance testing is true?

If you say a bacteria is susceptible to an antibiotic it means that the antibiotic can kill it.

(9) If you start with pH of 7 and you LOWER the pH to 4, choose ALL of the following things would be true.

1. It becomes more acidic

2. The hydrogen ions increase

3. An acidophile would like to grow there

(9) From the tubes below, which of the organisms would be a facultative anaerobe?

Tube 3

(tube is cloudy throughout and more concentrated towards the surface)

(9) From the tubes below, which organism would be a strict anaerobe?

Tube 2

(only growth on the bottom)

(9) If you found some bacteria growing your refrigerator at 4o C, which of the following groups is it most likely to belong to?

Psychrophiles

(9) Which of the following explains why you can incubate a human pathogen at room temperature (25*C) and have it grow, even if the organisms prefers to grow at body temperature (37*C)?

Because most organisms have a range outside of their optimum temperature and this falls within the cardinal temperatures

(10) Which of the following things best describes transformation?

Having a competent cell take up DNA from the environment.

(10) Which statement below most accurately describes what would happen if you had a plasmid that contained the arabinose operon and the gene for GFP and you transformed this plasmid into a bacteria and then added arabinose to the media.

The arabinose would bind to the DNA binding protein araC, changing its shape

(10) Which of the following would be the correct order for a successful transformation?

Put CaCl2 into a test tube, Add bacterial cells, add plasmid, cool on ice, heat shock for 50 sec, cool on ice, add broth, incubate cells for 10 minutes at room temperature, plate cells, incubate cells 24 hours

(11) In this protocol you will be adding a phage-bacterial host mixture to some soft agar you got from the water bath. What do you do with the soft agar after you add the phage/bacteria mixture?

Pour it into a plate that already has an agar base to it

(11) Which of the following methods would give you a successful Plaque Assay

Label agar plates, Prepare phage dilution, combine diluted phage with E. coli, add phage-host mixture to soft agar tube, pour contents of tube onto labelled agar plate, incubate plates

(11) True or False; When doing a bacteriophage sensitivity plate, you streak the phage on the plate FIRST, and the bacterial strain second.

True

(12) After making tubes 1 through 4, using various liquids, in the Oil Spill Bioremediation, every single tube will hold the same amount. This amount would be which of the following?

4 mls plus 10 drops

(12) In order to get agglutination (clumping) in a blood typing experiment, an antibody would have to bind to its appropriate glycosylated protein on the blood cell. The antibodies in this experiment are called Antiserum, and they give the label of the protein they react with. This means that if you have A type blood, it should react with the following antiserum (antibody solution).

Anti A antiserum

(12) Although it is best to get an exact match to your blood type, there is a universal donor who can potentially give blood to anyone. Which of the following would be the universal donor?

Type O blood

(12) Which of the following is the correct order of operations for the Epidemiology simulation?

draw a line on the back of the plate, touch newly gloved fingertips to the side of the plate labelled 1, pick up dirty cloth and touch it a lot, shake hands with the person next to you, the last person to shake hands touches the side of the plate labelled 2.

(13) Which of the DNA mutations below is MOST commonly caused by UV radiation?

Thymine-thymine dimers

(13) Which of the following is NOT a common DNA repair mechanism in Escherichia coli?

Pyrimidine synthesis

(13) Which of the following reasons would best explain why you need to remove the lid from your bacterial plate when exposing the bacteria to UV radiation in order to cause mutation?

UV radiation has a short wave length and has trouble going through plastic and glass

(13) Which light wavelength would be most detrimental to bacteria?

250 nm

(14) After inoculating a biochemical test (like Triple Iron Sugar Agar (TSIA)), you must first incubate it for 18 to 24 hours before reading it or adding reagents. Which of the following explains why you must incubate these tubes first.

The organisms in the tube need to be able to grow and do metabolism, such as carbohydrate fermentation, first

(14) What would you call a media that allows two different organisms to grow on it, but their biochemical properties allowed you to see a physical difference between the two?

Differential media

(14) What is the most frequent thing you would be checking on the majority of the biochemical tests?

For a change in pH/ acid-base

(15) In the citrate utilization test, what is the original color of the media, and what color would the media be if an organism could utilize citrate (positive outcome).

The original media is green, and the positive test is blue

(15) Glucose is the only carbohydrate that will have a Durham tube in this experiment. What is the purpose of the Durham tube?

To indicate if gas has been produced

(15) Which of the following is NOT a rapid urease-positive genus of bacteria?

Streptococcus

(16) When inoculating a semisolid medium like MIO, why do you just stab in and out quickly instead of wiggling the loop?

It will make it hard to read the motility data

(16) In a nitrate reduction test, why is a red color developed if the test is negative?

The zinc artificially reduces the nitrate to nitrite, which reacts with nitrate A&B to produce a red color, proving that nitrate was still in the vial

(16) The Mannitol salt agar plate (MSA) has a high percentage of sodium chloride, which kills many organisms. It also contains the alcohol sugar Mannitol, which some organisms can ferment. This fermentation makes the pH acidic, turning the red plate to yellow. Which of the following things is true?

The plate is both selective, since some organisms cannot grow on it, and differential because you can see a physical difference between the organisms that can grow on it

(LSB) Who is responsible for safety and ensures mistakes are not made in a laboratory or a hospital?

(a) The person who made the mistake

(b) The team of people working together in an area who can all observe each other

(c) The head surgeon or the instructor

(d) The safety training team developed by the hospital

All of the above people share in responsible for the safety in this case

(LSB) How often should safety training be done?

At least annually, or when changes happen

(LBS) Which of the following soft skills might you need to improve to work in the field of science or medicine safely?

(a) Teamwork

(b) Collaboration

(c) Communication

(b) Organization

All of the above

(LBS) You have a team member that reminds you towards the end of every class to dispose of your gloves properly. What should you think about this person?

I'm glad this person is on my team, they really care about their health and their grade, and mine too. I'm lucky to have them as part of my group.

(LBS) Who is responsible for choosing, organizing, and implementing your safety team?

I am

(SQ) What items of the following should be put away before entering the lab room?

(a) Phone

(b) Water bottle

(c) Headphones

A,B,C

(SQ) Which waste container do discarded cultures and used gloves belong in?

Biohazard waste

(SQ) What would be considered inappropriate clothing for being in the lab?

(a) Flip flops

(b) Loose Hats

(c) Shorts

A,B,C

(SQ) When should hands be washed?

(a) Following contact with any potentially hazardous materials

(b) After lab

(c) After removing gloves

A,B,C

(SQ) Describe the procedure to clean biohazardous spills.

Notify your instructor, place paper towels over spill, soak paper towels with disinfectant, allow to sit for the designated contact time, wipe up and dispose of materials in biohazard waste

(SQ) When should you clean your benchtop?

(a) Before lab begins

(b) After lab is over

(c) After any spills

A,B,C

(SQ) Why do safety rules like this exist for the lab?

(a) So that you don't get sick or contaminate your belongings

(b) So that you can prevent accidents from happening

(c) So you don't transfer microbes outside of the lab

A,B,C

(SQ) What resources should you utilize if you have questions or concerns about safety in the lab?

(a) Your instructor

(b) Biosafety Occupational Health Program

(c) www.msds.com

A,B,C

(SQ) Describe proper handwashing technique.

Wet your hands with running water, lather hands with soap making sure to scrub the backs of your hands, the palm, your fingers, and under your nails for at least 20 seconds. Rinse under running water and dry hands with a paper towel. Use the paper towel to turn off water

(SQ) What should you do if you have a university excused reason for missing lab?

Complete the lab make-up request form within the required timeframe and wait 24 business hours for a response before e-mailing