before conception, infertility, reproductive technology

where does conception happen

fallopian tube/ampulla

where does implantation occur

uterus

what happens to the cervix as the baby comes up

thins and opens

hormonal loop

• low est/prog

• GnRH

• FSH

• follicles mature

• LH surge

• ovulation

• corpus luteum

• e/p increases

• no implantation: e/p decreases

• menstruation

follicular phase

• days 1-14

• ovaries stimulated, mature follicles

• endometrium proliferates

• ovulation

• estrogen peaks right before

ovulation

• around day 14

• LH surge triggers egg release

• ovum viable 6-24 hrs

• fertilization window, up to 5 days

secretory/luteal phase

• days 15-28

• corpus luteum produces estrogen/progesterone

• endometrium thickens

• if no implantation: corpus luteum degenerates, levels drop, menstruation

infertility is

failure to achieve pregancy after 12 moths of regular, unprotected intercourse

assisted reproductive technology is

any fertility treatment in which embryos or eggs are handled outside the body

intrauterine insemination

sperm washed and concentrated, placed into uterus

in vitro fertilization

egg retrieval, in lab fertilization, embryo transfer

site of fertilization

in the fallopian tube (ampulla)

ovum viability is

6-24 hours after ovulation

sperm viability is

up to 5 days in female reproductive tract

cortical reaction

once one sperm penetrates, zona pellucida hardens to block others

zygote is

23 sperm/23 ovum; chromosomes - 46 diploid

implantation

occurs 6-10 dats post fertilization in endocumetrium

hCG is

produced at implantation, what detects pregnancy and doubles every 48-72 hours

week 3-8

embryonic period, highest teratogen risk

week 9+

fetal period, growth/maturation, teratogen sensitivity decreases

week 16

sex identifiable

week 24

viability threshold