Chapter 2 - Types of Communication and Language

communicaton

our greatest tool in accomplishing goals, tasks, and objectives

written communication

uses words to transmit a message through reading and writing

verbal communication

uses spoken language to transmit a message through listening and speaking

nonverbal communication

uses facial expressions and physical gestures to transmit a message

visual communication

uses graphic representations and signs to transmit a message through sight

Standard English

the set of uniform and commonly accepted rules governing spelling, grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary

oral language

speech used to convey ideas and messages

phonological skills

having awareness for how sounds are organized and rules for how sounds relate to one another

semantics

the understanding of what words and phrases mean

morphemes

the smallest units of meaning that make up words when combined

syntactic

the rules that permit us to combine morphemes into sentences and understand how words and punctuation are organized within a sentence

pragmatics

the rules of language use, including being able to appropriately speak in different contexts, such as conversational and formal

listening

active listening

being fully engaged in the communication process, concentrating, and participating

passive listening

hearing but not necessarily listening

body language

the gestures, movements, and mannerisms by which a person communicates with others

colloquial

speaking conversationally in informal instances

formal language

conveying messages using established codes of conduct, known as etiquette

informal language

casual and conversational, does not adhere to the same standards of conduct as formal language

technical language

used to inform or instruct

communication management

the skills that include understanding upward, horizontal, and downward communication

upward communication

when people in low levels of a business communicate with those in upper levels

horizontal communication

when people at the same level communicate

downward communication

when people in upper levels of a business communicate with those individuals in lower levels