APHUG Chapter 3 Vocab

Remittances

Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries.

Cyclic Movement

Movement - for example, nomadic migration - that has closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally

Activity Space

The space within which daily activity occurs

Nomadism

Movement among a definite set of places- often cyclic movement.

Periodic Movement

Movement - for example, college attendance or military service - that involves temporary, recurrent relocation

Migrant Labor

A common type of periodic movement involving millions of worker in the US and tens of millions of workers worldwide who cross international borders in search of employment and become immigrants, in many instances.

Transhumance

A seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures.

Military Service

Another common form of periodic movement involving as many as 10 million US citizens in a given year, including military personnel and their families, who are moved to new locations where they will spend tours of duty lasting up to several years.

Migration

A change in residence intended to be permanent.

International Migration

Human movement involving movement across international boundaries.

Internal Migration

Human movement within a nation-state, such as ongoing westward and southward movements in the US.

Forced Migration

Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate.

Voluntary Migration

Movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity, not because they were forced to move.

Laws of Migration

Developed by British demographer, Ernst Ravenstein, five laws that predict the flow of migrants.

Gravity Model

A mathematical prediction of the interaction of places, the interaction being a function of population size of the respective places and the distance between them.

Push Factors

Negative conditions and perceptions that induce people to leave their abode and migrate to a new locale.

Pull Factors

Positive conditions and perceptions that effectively attract people to new locales from other areas

Distance Decay

The effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction.

Step Migration

Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to town and city

Intervening Opportunity

The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away.

Kinship Links

Types of push or pull factors that influence a migrant's decision to go where family and friends have already found success.

Chain Migration

A pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links (i.e. one migrant settles in a place and then writes, calls, or communicates through others to describe this place to family and friends who in turn then migrate there).

Immigration Wave

Phenomenon whereby different patterns of chain migration build upon one another to create a swell in migration from one origin to the same destination.

Explorer

A person examining a region that is unknown to them.

Colonization

Physical process whereby the colonizer takes over another place, putting its own government in charge and either moving its own people into the place or bringing in indentured outsiders to gain control of the people and the land

Island of Development

Place built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure.

Guest Worker

Legal immigrant who has work visa, usually short term.

Refugees

People who have fled their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country.

Asylum

Shelter or protection in one state for refugees from another state

Immigration Laws

Laws and regulations of a state designed specifically to control immigration into the state.

Quotas

Established limits by governments on the number of immigrants who can enter a country each year.

Selective Immigration

Process to control immigration in which individuals with certain backgrounds (i.e. criminal records, poor health, or subversive activities) are barred from immigrating

Reverse Remittances

Money sent from family and friends from a home country to a migrant.

Immigration

The act of a person migrating into a new country or area.

Deportation

The act of a government sending a migrant out of its country and back to the migrant's home country.

Global Scale Migration

Migration that takes place across international boundaries and between world regions.

Regional Scale Migration

Migration that takes place within a region or in a regional setting.

Russification

The Soviet policy to promote the diffusion of Russian culture throughout the republics of the former Soviet Union.

Internally Displaced Persons

People who have been displaced within their own countries and do not cross international borders as they flee.

Repatriation

A refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non-governmental organization.

Genocide

The deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group.