Self-Concept and Moral Development

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding self-concept development, moral development theories by Piaget and Kohlberg, and aspects of peer relationships.

What is self-concept development?

The process through which individuals form an understanding of themselves, including their characteristics, beliefs, and identities.

How does self-esteem differ from self-concept?

Self-esteem refers to global evaluations of the self, while self-concept consists of domain-specific evaluations.

What is a potential negative outcome of low self-esteem?

Low self-esteem has been implicated in obesity, anxiety, depression, suicide, drug use, and delinquency.

What does Piaget's theory suggest about early self-concept?

Early self-concept is concrete and observable, focusing on specific skills or attributes without distinguishing between the real self and the ideal self.

In the self-concept development, what occurs during the Industry vs. Inferiority stage?

Children become interested in how things are made and how they work; encouragement increases industry, while viewing efforts as mischief can cause inferiority.

What is self-efficacy?

Self-efficacy is the belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes.

What are the two types of morality identified by Piaget?

Heteronomous morality, where rules are absolute (ages 4-7), and autonomous morality, where children consider intentions and understand that rules can change (ages 8-10 and older).

What are the three levels of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg?

Preconventional reasoning (external rewards and punishment), conventional reasoning (social roles and expectations), and postconventional reasoning (internalized moral principles).

What role do peer interactions play in moral development?

Peer interactions are critical in moral development as they involve give-and-take and help children navigate moral questions.

How do friendships contribute to social development?

Friendships are characterized by mutual liking, positive engagement, equitable behavior, and effective conflict management.

What is meant by 'cliquest'?

Cliques are small groups of friends (usually 5-6) who share similar interests and activities, often formed through mutual friendships.

What defines 'popularity' in a social context?

Popularity is characterized by likeability, acceptance, status, social standing, and often includes admiration and accomplishments.

What are the developmental trends in peer relationships from infancy to adolescence?

Infants show little interest in peers, toddlers engage in parallel play, preschoolers increase social play, school-age children show selectivity, and adolescents form mixed-sex groups and deep friendships.