Module 7 - skeletal system

Skeletal system

provides support to the entire body and gives the body its shape.

300 bones

bones that newborn babies have

206 bones

adults bones have

Axial skeleton

is made up of the bones of the head, the ribs, and the vertebral column.

80 bones

axial skeleton has how many bones?

Appendicular skeleton

includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs, the pelvic and the pectoral
Girdles.

126 bones

appendicular skeleton has how many bones?

Bones

are **rigid organs** that constitute part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They support and protect the various organs of the body and produce red and white blood cells and store minerals.

Cortical

It is the **hard outer layer of the bones** and is composed
of compact bone tissue so

Cancellous

It is the filling of the **interior of the bone** in the trabecular bone tissue.

Skull

it is an axial skeleton that forms the bony **framework of the head.**

22 bones

how many bones does skull have?

Vertebral column

it is a axial skeleton that is a flexible column of vertebrae, **connecting the trunk of human body to the skull** and appendages.

33 bones

how many bones does vertebral column have?

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal

it is the 5 region of vertebral column

Rib cage

It is a **bony cage** enclosing vital human organs formed by the sternum and ribs.

12 bones

how many bones does rib cage have?

True ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs

it is the divided 3 groups of **rib cage**

Cranium

also known as **braincase** or the **skull**

Maxilla

It is pyramidal in the shape and has a large cavity called the
maxillary sinus. I**t is the upper jaw bone.**

Mandible

**lower jaw bone.** The largest and the strongest facial bone

osteoporosis

is one of t**he most common and serious bone diseases**. It is the weakening of bones due to the removal of calcium salts. This is a common challenge in elder persons due to idleness and decrease in hormone production. It is more common in postmenopausal women.

Osteomyelitis

is an **inflammation of bone** and bone marrow caused by bacterial infection. It is treatable with antibiotics but not easily cured.

Shoulder girdle

It is attaches in the upper limb to body trunk and is formed by 2 bones: clavicle and scapula.

Clavicle

the collar bone. It is a slender rod shaped bone located in the collar region.

Scapula

is a pear shaped flat bone that contains the glenoid fossa for the formation of
shoulder joint.

Sternum

breast bone

Upper limb

It consists of 30 bones. These bones are: Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Carpals (8), Metacarpals (5), and Phalanges (14).

30 bones

upper limb has how many bones?

Humerus

Humerus It is located in the upper arm. The head of the humerus fits into the glenoid cavity of the pectoral girdle to form a ball and socket joint. (triceps, biceps)

Ulna

It is the bone in the forearm that is aligned with the little finger.
Radius

Carpals

are located in the wrist region.

8 bones

how many bones does carpals have (wrist)

Metacarpals

are located in the palm region

5 bones

how many bones does metacarpals have (palm)

Phalanges

fingers

14 phalanges

how many bones does phalanges have (Fingers)

Lower limb

These bones are: Femur, Tibia, Patella, Tarsals (7), Metatarsals
(5), Phalanges (14).

7 bones

how many bones does tarsals have (ankle)

5 bones

how many bones does metatarsals have (palm sa paa)

14 bones

how many bones does phalanges have (toes)

Femur

Thigh region. It is the longest and the heaviest bone.
It supports the weight of the body.

Tibia

it is along with Fibula constitutes the lower leg.
It is the larger of the two bones. It is aligned with thumb in toes

Fibula

It is located in the calf region of the leg.
It is along with Tibia constitutes the lower leg. It is aligned with the pinky toes

Patella

kneecap, tuhod. It is located in front of the knee joint.It is commonly known as the kneecap. It protects and covers the knee joint.

Tarsals

ankle

Metatarsals

palm sa paa

Joints

It is the location at which two or more bones meet.

Synarthroses

no movement

Amphiarthroses

slight movement

Diarthroses

freely movement

Scoliosis

It is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column. For some reason, it is more in adolescent girls. (nasa gilid yung curve, pa kanan or pakaliwa)

Lordosis

It is an excessive lumbar curvature of the vertebral column, which produces a swayback condition. (kabaliktaran ng kuba yung effect)

Kyphosis

It is an excessive thoracic curvature of the vertebral column, which produces a humpback condition. (kuba)