Rad 372 - Chap 11 - Cranium

Another name for the skull cap

culvaria

The skull is made up of what two parts

cranium and facial bones

Area between eyebrows

glabella

Depression above eyebrows

supraorbital groove

Superior rim of orbit

supraorbital margin

Ridge beneath the eyebrow

supercilliary ridge (arch)

Superior portion of each orbit

orbital plate

separates the orbital plate

ethmoidal notch

What cranial bones does the frontal bone (orbital) articulate with

right and left parietals, sphenoid, and ethmoid

What cranial bones does the parietal bones articulate with

frontal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, parietal (opposite one)

inferioposterior portion of the calvarium

occipital bone

the prominent bump located on the back of the head

external occipital protuberance (inion)

hole for spinal cord

foramen magnum

articulating surface on each side of foramen magnum

occipital condyles

the occipital bone articulates with what other bones

2 parietals, 2 temporals, spenoid, atlas

three primary parts of the temporal bone

squamous, mastoid, and petrous

which part of the temporal bone is very thin and subject to fracture

squamous

what articulates with the zygoma

zygomatic process

the mastoid portion is posterior to what

EAM

what part of the temporal bone houses hearing and equilibrium

petrous portion

opening for the nerves of hearing and equilibrium

internal acoustic meatus

which part of skull anchors all 7 cranial bones

sphenoid

the sella turcica houses what

pituitary gland

posterior wall of sella

dorsum sellae (back of the saddle)

depression posterior to dorsum sella

clivus

on the sphenoid the lateral downward projections

lateral pterygoid

on the sphenoid the medial downward projections

medial pterygoid

process off of medial pterygoid

pterygoid hamuli

the pterygoid hamuli is the process off of which pterygoid

medial pterygoid

what are the 3 sphenoid foramen called

foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum

on the spenoid the groove between the anterior body and lesser wings

optic groove (chiasm)

on the spenoid the hole between the anterior body and lesser wings

optic foramen

on the spenoid, the space lateral to optic foramen between lesser and greater wings

orbital fissures

what is the name of the small bone which lies below the floor of the cranium

ethmoid bone

the horizontal portion of the ethmoid bone

cribiform plate

superior projection from the cribiform plate into frontal bone

crista galli

on the sphenoid what forms a portion of the floor and walls of the cranium

greater wings

what bones make up the cranial floor

temporals, ethmoid, and sphenoid

on the sphenoid what contains the anterior clinoid

lesser wings

on the ethmoid bone the downward projection which forms the nasal septum

perpendicular plate

what suspends from the cribiform

lateral labyrinth masses

downward projection from the labyrinth

nasal conchae

name the 5 major sutures of the skull

coronal, parietal, lamdoidal, sagittal, squamous

the skull sutures are classified as what type of joints

synarthrodial - they do not move

name the 4 suture articulations on an adult and their location

bregma - frontal and parietals

lambda - occipital and parietals

pterion - by the temples

asterion - in the rear on sides near occipital

which landmark is located between the eyebrows

glabella

what connects the outer points (canthi) of the eyes

interpupillary line

the depression at the bridge of the nose

nasion

which landmark is in the area of the upper lip just below the nose

acanthion

which landmark is at the point of the lower posterior mandible

gonion

which landmark is the tip of the chin

mental point

what landmark represents the large flap of the ear

auricle

which landmark represents the small flap anterior to EAM

tragus

the top of the ear where glasses sit is called what

TEA - top of ear attachment

name the skull lines

GML - glabellomeatal line

OML - orbitomeatal line

IOML - infraorbitomeatal line

AML - acanthiomeatal line

LML - lips meatal line

MML - mentomeatal orbital line

which landmark represents the inner and outer points of the eye

canthi

which landmark represents the superior ridge of the eye

supraorbital margin

which landmark represents the inferior ridge of the eye

infraorbital margin

how would you image a PA caldwell

oml perpendicular to bucky

15° caudal angle

CR exits nasion

how would you know you have a good PA caldwell image

petrous ridges in lower 1/3 of orbits

lateral orbital margins equal on each side

if you do an AP caldwell, what tube angle would you use

15° cephalic

if you do not use a tube angle on a PA skull then how will the image look

the petrous ridges will fill the orbits

the orbits will be almond or oval shaped

name the facial bones

vomer, conchae (inferior) , nasal, maxillae, mandible, palatine, zygomatic, lacrimal

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superior projection off body of maxillary which is lateral to the nose

frontal process

lateral projection of the maxillary bone

zygomatic process

inferior spaces for upper teeth

alveolar process

hard palate (cleft palate location)

palatine process

anterior projection at fusion of the maxillary

anterior nasal spine

positioning landmark at base of the anterior nasal spine

acanthion

it's L shaped and is the vertical portion between maxilla and pterygoid of sphenoid

palatine

the horizontal portion of the palatine makes up what

the posterior hard palate

another name for cheek bones

zygomatic (malar)

what bones does the zygomatic articulate with

maxillae, sphenoid, temporal, frontal

what is the prominent lateral portion of the zygomatic

zygomatic prominence

thin bone extending from zygomatic prominence to temporal bone

zygomatic arch

the majority of the nose is mostly what

cartilage

positioning landmark superior to the nasal bone

nasion

what forms mid to inferoposterior nasal septum

vomer

in the nasal septum where would you find the septal cartilage

anterior to the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid

the perpendicular plate of ethmoid and the vomer make up what

nasal septum

small facial bone which is posterior to frontal process of maxilla

lacrimal bone

bony projection from lateral wall of nasal cavity projecting medially

inferior nasal conchae

extensions from ethmoid bone

superior and middle nasal conchae

when doing a PA caldwell to image the facial bones, where does the CR exit

nasion or acanthion

what tube angle do you use for a PA caldwell

15 deg caudal

for a pa caldwell what should be touching the table / ir

the person's nose AND forehead

for a pa caldwell what is perpendicular to the ir

OML

for a pa caldwell where should the petrous ridges show

lower 3rd of orbits

for a waters parietoacanthial position, what should be touching the table

only the chin

for a waters parietoacanthial position, where does the cr exit

at the acanthion

for a waters parietoacanthial position, what is perpendicular to ir

MML

a waters parietoacanthial position shows a majority of what

facial bones and sinuses

for a waters parietoacanthial position, the petrous ridge will be situated where

inferior to the maxillary sinuses

for a lateral skull where do we position the affected area or area of interest

closest to the IR

for a lateral facial bone where is the CR

at the zygomatic process or between the outer canthi and EAM

when positioning for a lateral skull what line needs to be perpendicular to the front of the cassette

IOML

what is the largest movable facial bone

mandible

name the two main parts of the mandible

body and ramus

the angle of the mandible is known as what

the gonion

U shaped section at top of mandible

mandibular notch